ECV_MULTITHERMAL

	This is part of the opes module
	It is only available if you configure PLUMED with ./configure –enable-modules=opes . Furthermore, this feature is still being developed so take care when using it and report any problems on the mailing list.

Expand a simulation to sample multiple temperatures simultaneously.

The internal energy \(U\) of of the system should be used as ARG.

\[ \Delta u_{\beta'}=(\beta-\beta') U\, . \]

In case of fixed volume, the internal energy is simply the potential energy given by the ENERGY colvar \(U=E\), and you will run a multicanonical simulation. If instead the simulation is at fixed pressure \(p\), the contribution of the volume must be added \(U=E+pV\) (see example below).

By defauly the needed steps in temperatures are automatically guessed from few initial unbiased MD steps, as descibed in [Invernizzi2020unified]. Otherwise you can manually set this number with TEMP_STEPS. In both cases the steps will be geometrically spaced in temperature. Use instead the keyword NO_GEOM_SPACING for a linear spacing in the inverse temperature (beta), that typically increases the focus on lower temperatures. Finally, you can use instead the keyword TEMP_SET_ALL and explicitly provide each temperature.

You can reweight the resulting simulation at any temperature in the chosen range, using e.g. REWEIGHT_TEMP_PRESS. A similar target distribution can be sampled using TD_MULTICANONICAL.

Examples

Fixed volume, multicanonical simulation:

Click on the labels of the actions for more information on what each action computes

ene: ENERGY The ENERGY action with label ene calculates a single scalar value
ecv: ECV_MULTITHERMAL 
ARG
compulsory keyword 
the label of the internal energy of the system. 
=ene 
TEMP
compulsory keyword ( default=-1 )
temperature. 
=300 
TEMP_MIN
the minimum of the temperature range 
=300 
TEMP_MAX
the maximum of the temperature range 
=800 The ECV_MULTITHERMAL action with label ecv calculates a single scalar value
opes: OPES_EXPANDED 
ARG
compulsory keyword 
the label of the ECVs that define the expansion. 
=ecv.ene 
PACE
compulsory keyword 
how often the bias is updated 
=500 The OPES_EXPANDED action with label opes calculates a single scalar value

which, if your MD code passes the temperature to PLUMED, is equivalent to:

Click on the labels of the actions for more information on what each action computes

ene: ENERGY The ENERGY action with label ene calculates a single scalar value
ecv: ECV_MULTITHERMAL 
ARG
compulsory keyword 
the label of the internal energy of the system. 
=ene 
TEMP_MAX
the maximum of the temperature range 
=800 The ECV_MULTITHERMAL action with label ecv calculates a single scalar value
opes: OPES_EXPANDED 
ARG
compulsory keyword 
the label of the ECVs that define the expansion. 
=ecv.ene 
PACE
compulsory keyword 
how often the bias is updated 
=500 The OPES_EXPANDED action with label opes calculates a single scalar value

If instead the pressure is fixed and the volume changes, you shuld calculate the internal energy first, \(U=E+pV\)

Click on the labels of the actions for more information on what each action computes

ene: ENERGY The ENERGY action with label ene calculates a single scalar value
vol: VOLUME The VOLUME action with label vol calculates a single scalar value
intEne: CUSTOM 
PERIODIC
compulsory keyword 
if the output of your function is periodic then you should specify the periodicity
of the function. 
=NO 
ARG
the input for this action is the scalar output from one or more other actions. 
=ene,vol 
FUNC
compulsory keyword 
the function you wish to evaluate 
=x+0.06022140857*y The CUSTOM action with label intEne calculates a single scalar value
ecv: ECV_MULTITHERMAL 
ARG
compulsory keyword 
the label of the internal energy of the system. 
=intEne 
TEMP_MAX
the maximum of the temperature range 
=800 The ECV_MULTITHERMAL action with label ecv calculates a single scalar value
opes: OPES_EXPANDED 
ARG
compulsory keyword 
the label of the ECVs that define the expansion. 
=ecv.intEne 
PACE
compulsory keyword 
how often the bias is updated 
=500 The OPES_EXPANDED action with label opes calculates a single scalar value

Notice that \(p=0.06022140857\) corresponds to 1 bar when using the default PLUMED units.

Glossary of keywords and components

Compulsory keywords

TEMP	( default=-1 ) temperature. If not specified tries to get it from MD engine
ARG	the label of the internal energy of the system. If volume is fixed it is calculated by the ENERGY colvar

Options

NUMERICAL_DERIVATIVES	( default=off ) calculate the derivatives for these quantities numerically
NO_GEOM_SPACING	( default=off ) do not use geometrical spacing in temperature, but instead linear spacing in inverse temperature
TEMP_MIN	the minimum of the temperature range
TEMP_MAX	the maximum of the temperature range
TEMP_STEPS	the number of steps in temperature
TEMP_SET_ALL	manually set all the temperatures