sync.h

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// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-present The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#ifndef BITCOIN_SYNC_H
#define BITCOIN_SYNC_H

#ifdef DEBUG_LOCKCONTENTION
#include <logging/timer.h>
#endif

#include <threadsafety.h> // IWYU pragma: export
#include <util/macros.h>

#include <cassert>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <mutex>
#include <string>
#include <thread>

//                                            //
// THE SIMPLE DEFINITION, EXCLUDING DEBUG CODE //
//                                            //

/*
RecursiveMutex mutex;
    std::recursive_mutex mutex;

LOCK(mutex);
    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> criticalblock(mutex);

LOCK2(mutex1, mutex2);
    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> criticalblock1(mutex1);
    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> criticalblock2(mutex2);

TRY_LOCK(mutex, name);
    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> name(mutex, std::try_to_lock_t);
 */

//                           //
// THE ACTUAL IMPLEMENTATION //
//                           //

#ifdef DEBUG_LOCKORDER
template <typename MutexType>
void EnterCritical(const char* pszName, const char* pszFile, int nLine, MutexType* cs, bool fTry = false);
void LeaveCritical();
void CheckLastCritical(void* cs, std::string& lockname, const char* guardname, const char* file, int line);
template <typename MutexType>
void AssertLockHeldInternal(const char* pszName, const char* pszFile, int nLine, MutexType* cs) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs);
template <typename MutexType>
void AssertLockNotHeldInternal(const char* pszName, const char* pszFile, int nLine, MutexType* cs) LOCKS_EXCLUDED(cs);
void DeleteLock(void* cs);
bool LockStackEmpty();

extern bool g_debug_lockorder_abort;
#else
template <typename MutexType>
inline void EnterCritical(const char* pszName, const char* pszFile, int nLine, MutexType* cs, bool fTry = false) {}
inline void LeaveCritical() {}
inline void CheckLastCritical(void* cs, std::string& lockname, const char* guardname, const char* file, int line) {}
template <typename MutexType>
inline void AssertLockHeldInternal(const char* pszName, const char* pszFile, int nLine, MutexType* cs) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs) {}
template <typename MutexType>
void AssertLockNotHeldInternal(const char* pszName, const char* pszFile, int nLine, MutexType* cs) LOCKS_EXCLUDED(cs) {}
inline void DeleteLock(void* cs) {}
inline bool LockStackEmpty() { return true; }
#endif

template <typename PARENT>
class LOCKABLE AnnotatedMixin : public PARENT
{
public:
    ~AnnotatedMixin() {
        DeleteLock((void*)this);
    }

    void lock() EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_FUNCTION()
    {
        PARENT::lock();
    }

    void unlock() UNLOCK_FUNCTION()
    {
        PARENT::unlock();
    }

    bool try_lock() EXCLUSIVE_TRYLOCK_FUNCTION(true)
    {
        return PARENT::try_lock();
    }

    using unique_lock = std::unique_lock<PARENT>;
#ifdef __clang__
    const AnnotatedMixin& operator!() const { return *this; }
#endif // __clang__
};

using RecursiveMutex = AnnotatedMixin<std::recursive_mutex>;

using Mutex = AnnotatedMixin<std::mutex>;

class GlobalMutex : public Mutex { };

#define AssertLockHeld(cs) AssertLockHeldInternal(#cs, __FILE__, __LINE__, &cs)

inline void AssertLockNotHeldInline(const char* name, const char* file, int line, Mutex* cs) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!cs) { AssertLockNotHeldInternal(name, file, line, cs); }
inline void AssertLockNotHeldInline(const char* name, const char* file, int line, RecursiveMutex* cs) LOCKS_EXCLUDED(cs) { AssertLockNotHeldInternal(name, file, line, cs); }
inline void AssertLockNotHeldInline(const char* name, const char* file, int line, GlobalMutex* cs) LOCKS_EXCLUDED(cs) { AssertLockNotHeldInternal(name, file, line, cs); }
#define AssertLockNotHeld(cs) AssertLockNotHeldInline(#cs, __FILE__, __LINE__, &cs)

template <typename MutexType>
class SCOPED_LOCKABLE UniqueLock : public MutexType::unique_lock
{
private:
    using Base = typename MutexType::unique_lock;

    void Enter(const char* pszName, const char* pszFile, int nLine)
    {
        EnterCritical(pszName, pszFile, nLine, Base::mutex());
#ifdef DEBUG_LOCKCONTENTION
        if (Base::try_lock()) return;
        LOG_TIME_MICROS_WITH_CATEGORY(strprintf("lock contention %s, %s:%d", pszName, pszFile, nLine), BCLog::LOCK);
#endif
        Base::lock();
    }

    bool TryEnter(const char* pszName, const char* pszFile, int nLine)
    {
        EnterCritical(pszName, pszFile, nLine, Base::mutex(), true);
        if (Base::try_lock()) {
            return true;
        }
        LeaveCritical();
        return false;
    }

public:
    UniqueLock(MutexType& mutexIn, const char* pszName, const char* pszFile, int nLine, bool fTry = false) EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_FUNCTION(mutexIn) : Base(mutexIn, std::defer_lock)
    {
        if (fTry)
            TryEnter(pszName, pszFile, nLine);
        else
            Enter(pszName, pszFile, nLine);
    }

    UniqueLock(MutexType* pmutexIn, const char* pszName, const char* pszFile, int nLine, bool fTry = false) EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_FUNCTION(pmutexIn)
    {
        if (!pmutexIn) return;

        *static_cast<Base*>(this) = Base(*pmutexIn, std::defer_lock);
        if (fTry)
            TryEnter(pszName, pszFile, nLine);
        else
            Enter(pszName, pszFile, nLine);
    }

    ~UniqueLock() UNLOCK_FUNCTION()
    {
        if (Base::owns_lock())
            LeaveCritical();
    }

    operator bool()
    {
        return Base::owns_lock();
    }

protected:
    // needed for reverse_lock
    UniqueLock() = default;

public:
    class SCOPED_LOCKABLE reverse_lock {
    public:
        explicit reverse_lock(UniqueLock& _lock, const MutexType& mutex, const char* _guardname, const char* _file, int _line) UNLOCK_FUNCTION(mutex) : lock(_lock), file(_file), line(_line) {
            // Ensure that mutex passed back for thread-safety analysis is indeed the original
            assert(std::addressof(mutex) == lock.mutex());

            CheckLastCritical((void*)lock.mutex(), lockname, _guardname, _file, _line);
            lock.unlock();
            LeaveCritical();
            lock.swap(templock);
        }

        ~reverse_lock() UNLOCK_FUNCTION() {
            templock.swap(lock);
            EnterCritical(lockname.c_str(), file.c_str(), line, lock.mutex());
            lock.lock();
        }

     private:
        reverse_lock(reverse_lock const&);
        reverse_lock& operator=(reverse_lock const&);

        UniqueLock& lock;
        UniqueLock templock;
        std::string lockname;
        const std::string file;
        const int line;
     };
     friend class reverse_lock;
};

// clang's thread-safety analyzer is unable to deal with aliases of mutexes, so
// it is not possible to use the lock's copy of the mutex for that purpose.
// Instead, the original mutex needs to be passed back to the reverse_lock for
// the sake of thread-safety analysis, but it is not actually used otherwise.
#define REVERSE_LOCK(g, cs) typename std::decay<decltype(g)>::type::reverse_lock UNIQUE_NAME(revlock)(g, cs, #cs, __FILE__, __LINE__)

// When locking a Mutex, require negative capability to ensure the lock
// is not already held
inline Mutex& MaybeCheckNotHeld(Mutex& cs) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!cs) LOCK_RETURNED(cs) { return cs; }
inline Mutex* MaybeCheckNotHeld(Mutex* cs) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!cs) LOCK_RETURNED(cs) { return cs; }

// When locking a GlobalMutex or RecursiveMutex, just check it is not
// locked in the surrounding scope.
template <typename MutexType>
inline MutexType& MaybeCheckNotHeld(MutexType& m) LOCKS_EXCLUDED(m) LOCK_RETURNED(m) { return m; }
template <typename MutexType>
inline MutexType* MaybeCheckNotHeld(MutexType* m) LOCKS_EXCLUDED(m) LOCK_RETURNED(m) { return m; }

#define LOCK(cs) UniqueLock UNIQUE_NAME(criticalblock)(MaybeCheckNotHeld(cs), #cs, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#define LOCK2(cs1, cs2)                                               \
    UniqueLock criticalblock1(MaybeCheckNotHeld(cs1), #cs1, __FILE__, __LINE__); \
    UniqueLock criticalblock2(MaybeCheckNotHeld(cs2), #cs2, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#define LOCK_ARGS(cs) MaybeCheckNotHeld(cs), #cs, __FILE__, __LINE__
#define TRY_LOCK(cs, name) UniqueLock name(LOCK_ARGS(cs), true)
#define WAIT_LOCK(cs, name) UniqueLock name(LOCK_ARGS(cs))

#define WITH_LOCK(cs, code) (MaybeCheckNotHeld(cs), [&]() -> decltype(auto) { LOCK(cs); code; }())

#endif // BITCOIN_SYNC_H