pool.h

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// Copyright (c) 2022-present The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#ifndef BITCOIN_SUPPORT_ALLOCATORS_POOL_H
#define BITCOIN_SUPPORT_ALLOCATORS_POOL_H

#include <array>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstddef>
#include <list>
#include <memory>
#include <new>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>

#include <util/check.h>

template <std::size_t MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES, std::size_t ALIGN_BYTES>
class PoolResource final
{
    static_assert(ALIGN_BYTES > 0, "ALIGN_BYTES must be nonzero");
    static_assert((ALIGN_BYTES & (ALIGN_BYTES - 1)) == 0, "ALIGN_BYTES must be a power of two");

    struct ListNode {
        ListNode* m_next;

        explicit ListNode(ListNode* next) : m_next(next) {}
    };
    static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible_v<ListNode>, "Make sure we don't need to manually call a destructor");

    static constexpr std::size_t ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES = std::max(alignof(ListNode), ALIGN_BYTES);
    static_assert((ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES & (ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES - 1)) == 0, "ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES must be a power of two");
    static_assert(sizeof(ListNode) <= ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES, "Units of size ELEM_SIZE_ALIGN need to be able to store a ListNode");
    static_assert((MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES & (ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES - 1)) == 0, "MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES needs to be a multiple of the alignment.");

    const size_t m_chunk_size_bytes;

    std::list<std::byte*> m_allocated_chunks{};

    std::array<ListNode*, MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES / ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES + 1> m_free_lists{};

    std::byte* m_available_memory_it = nullptr;

    std::byte* m_available_memory_end = nullptr;

    [[nodiscard]] static constexpr std::size_t NumElemAlignBytes(std::size_t bytes)
    {
        return (bytes + ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES - 1) / ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES + (bytes == 0);
    }

    [[nodiscard]] static constexpr bool IsFreeListUsable(std::size_t bytes, std::size_t alignment)
    {
        return alignment <= ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES && bytes <= MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES;
    }

    void PlacementAddToList(void* p, ListNode*& node)
    {
        node = new (p) ListNode{node};
    }

    void AllocateChunk()
    {
        // if there is still any available memory left, put it into the freelist.
        size_t remaining_available_bytes = m_available_memory_end - m_available_memory_it;
        if (0 != remaining_available_bytes) {
            ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(m_available_memory_it, sizeof(ListNode));
            PlacementAddToList(m_available_memory_it, m_free_lists[remaining_available_bytes / ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES]);
            ASAN_POISON_MEMORY_REGION(m_available_memory_it, sizeof(ListNode));
        }

        void* storage = ::operator new (m_chunk_size_bytes, std::align_val_t{ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES});
        m_available_memory_it = new (storage) std::byte[m_chunk_size_bytes];
        m_available_memory_end = m_available_memory_it + m_chunk_size_bytes;
        ASAN_POISON_MEMORY_REGION(m_available_memory_it, m_chunk_size_bytes);
        m_allocated_chunks.emplace_back(m_available_memory_it);
    }

    friend class PoolResourceTester;

public:
    explicit PoolResource(std::size_t chunk_size_bytes)
        : m_chunk_size_bytes(NumElemAlignBytes(chunk_size_bytes) * ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES)
    {
        assert(m_chunk_size_bytes >= MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES);
        AllocateChunk();
    }

    PoolResource() : PoolResource(262144) {}

    PoolResource(const PoolResource&) = delete;
    PoolResource& operator=(const PoolResource&) = delete;
    PoolResource(PoolResource&&) = delete;
    PoolResource& operator=(PoolResource&&) = delete;

    ~PoolResource()
    {
        for (std::byte* chunk : m_allocated_chunks) {
            std::destroy(chunk, chunk + m_chunk_size_bytes);
            ::operator delete ((void*)chunk, std::align_val_t{ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES});
            ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(chunk, m_chunk_size_bytes);
        }
    }

    void* Allocate(std::size_t bytes, std::size_t alignment)
    {
        if (IsFreeListUsable(bytes, alignment)) {
            const std::size_t num_alignments = NumElemAlignBytes(bytes);
            if (nullptr != m_free_lists[num_alignments]) {
                // we've already got data in the pool's freelist, unlink one element and return the pointer
                // to the unlinked memory. Since FreeList is trivially destructible we can just treat it as
                // uninitialized memory.
                ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(m_free_lists[num_alignments], sizeof(ListNode));
                auto* next{m_free_lists[num_alignments]->m_next};
                ASAN_POISON_MEMORY_REGION(m_free_lists[num_alignments], sizeof(ListNode));
                ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(m_free_lists[num_alignments], bytes);
                return std::exchange(m_free_lists[num_alignments], next);
            }

            // freelist is empty: get one allocation from allocated chunk memory.
            const std::ptrdiff_t round_bytes = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(num_alignments * ELEM_ALIGN_BYTES);
            if (round_bytes > m_available_memory_end - m_available_memory_it) {
                // slow path, only happens when a new chunk needs to be allocated
                AllocateChunk();
            }

            // Make sure we use the right amount of bytes for that freelist (might be rounded up),
            ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(m_available_memory_it, round_bytes);
            return std::exchange(m_available_memory_it, m_available_memory_it + round_bytes);
        }

        // Can't use the pool => use operator new()
        return ::operator new (bytes, std::align_val_t{alignment});
    }

    void Deallocate(void* p, std::size_t bytes, std::size_t alignment) noexcept
    {
        if (IsFreeListUsable(bytes, alignment)) {
            const std::size_t num_alignments = NumElemAlignBytes(bytes);
            // put the memory block into the linked list. We can placement construct the FreeList
            // into the memory since we can be sure the alignment is correct.
            ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(p, sizeof(ListNode));
            PlacementAddToList(p, m_free_lists[num_alignments]);
            ASAN_POISON_MEMORY_REGION(p, std::max(bytes, sizeof(ListNode)));
        } else {
            // Can't use the pool => forward deallocation to ::operator delete().
            ::operator delete (p, std::align_val_t{alignment});
        }
    }

    [[nodiscard]] std::size_t NumAllocatedChunks() const
    {
        return m_allocated_chunks.size();
    }

    [[nodiscard]] size_t ChunkSizeBytes() const
    {
        return m_chunk_size_bytes;
    }
};


template <class T, std::size_t MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES, std::size_t ALIGN_BYTES = alignof(T)>
class PoolAllocator
{
    PoolResource<MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES, ALIGN_BYTES>* m_resource;

    template <typename U, std::size_t M, std::size_t A>
    friend class PoolAllocator;

public:
    using value_type = T;
    using ResourceType = PoolResource<MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES, ALIGN_BYTES>;

    PoolAllocator(ResourceType* resource) noexcept
        : m_resource(resource)
    {
    }

    PoolAllocator(const PoolAllocator& other) noexcept = default;
    PoolAllocator& operator=(const PoolAllocator& other) noexcept = default;

    template <class U>
    PoolAllocator(const PoolAllocator<U, MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES, ALIGN_BYTES>& other) noexcept
        : m_resource(other.resource())
    {
    }

    template <typename U>
    struct rebind {
        using other = PoolAllocator<U, MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES, ALIGN_BYTES>;
    };

    T* allocate(size_t n)
    {
        return static_cast<T*>(m_resource->Allocate(n * sizeof(T), alignof(T)));
    }

    void deallocate(T* p, size_t n) noexcept
    {
        m_resource->Deallocate(p, n * sizeof(T), alignof(T));
    }

    ResourceType* resource() const noexcept
    {
        return m_resource;
    }
};

template <class T1, class T2, std::size_t MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES, std::size_t ALIGN_BYTES>
bool operator==(const PoolAllocator<T1, MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES, ALIGN_BYTES>& a,
                const PoolAllocator<T2, MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES, ALIGN_BYTES>& b) noexcept
{
    return a.resource() == b.resource();
}

#endif // BITCOIN_SUPPORT_ALLOCATORS_POOL_H