core_read.cpp

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// Copyright (c) 2009-2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#include <core_io.h>

#include <primitives/block.h>
#include <primitives/transaction.h>
#include <script/script.h>
#include <script/sign.h>
#include <serialize.h>
#include <streams.h>
#include <util/result.h>
#include <util/strencodings.h>
#include <version.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <string>

namespace {
class OpCodeParser
{
private:
    std::map<std::string, opcodetype> mapOpNames;

public:
    OpCodeParser()
    {
        for (unsigned int op = 0; op <= MAX_OPCODE; ++op) {
            // Allow OP_RESERVED to get into mapOpNames
            if (op < OP_NOP && op != OP_RESERVED) {
                continue;
            }

            std::string strName = GetOpName(static_cast<opcodetype>(op));
            if (strName == "OP_UNKNOWN") {
                continue;
            }
            mapOpNames[strName] = static_cast<opcodetype>(op);
            // Convenience: OP_ADD and just ADD are both recognized:
            if (strName.compare(0, 3, "OP_") == 0) { // strName starts with "OP_"
                mapOpNames[strName.substr(3)] = static_cast<opcodetype>(op);
            }
        }
    }
    opcodetype Parse(const std::string& s) const
    {
        auto it = mapOpNames.find(s);
        if (it == mapOpNames.end()) throw std::runtime_error("script parse error: unknown opcode");
        return it->second;
    }
};

opcodetype ParseOpCode(const std::string& s)
{
    static const OpCodeParser ocp;
    return ocp.Parse(s);
}

} // namespace

CScript ParseScript(const std::string& s)
{
    CScript result;

    std::vector<std::string> words = SplitString(s, " \t\n");

    for (const std::string& w : words) {
        if (w.empty()) {
            // Empty string, ignore. (SplitString doesn't combine multiple separators)
        } else if (std::all_of(w.begin(), w.end(), ::IsDigit) ||
                   (w.front() == '-' && w.size() > 1 && std::all_of(w.begin() + 1, w.end(), ::IsDigit)))
        {
            // Number
            const auto num{ToIntegral<int64_t>(w)};

            // limit the range of numbers ParseScript accepts in decimal
            // since numbers outside -0xFFFFFFFF...0xFFFFFFFF are illegal in scripts
            if (!num.has_value() || num > int64_t{0xffffffff} || num < -1 * int64_t{0xffffffff}) {
                throw std::runtime_error("script parse error: decimal numeric value only allowed in the "
                                         "range -0xFFFFFFFF...0xFFFFFFFF");
            }

            result << num.value();
        } else if (w.substr(0, 2) == "0x" && w.size() > 2 && IsHex(std::string(w.begin() + 2, w.end()))) {
            // Raw hex data, inserted NOT pushed onto stack:
            std::vector<unsigned char> raw = ParseHex(std::string(w.begin() + 2, w.end()));
            result.insert(result.end(), raw.begin(), raw.end());
        } else if (w.size() >= 2 && w.front() == '\'' && w.back() == '\'') {
            // Single-quoted string, pushed as data. NOTE: this is poor-man's
            // parsing, spaces/tabs/newlines in single-quoted strings won't work.
            std::vector<unsigned char> value(w.begin() + 1, w.end() - 1);
            result << value;
        } else {
            // opcode, e.g. OP_ADD or ADD:
            result << ParseOpCode(w);
        }
    }

    return result;
}

// Check that all of the input and output scripts of a transaction contains valid opcodes
static bool CheckTxScriptsSanity(const CMutableTransaction& tx)
{
    // Check input scripts for non-coinbase txs
    if (!CTransaction(tx).IsCoinBase()) {
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < tx.vin.size(); i++) {
            if (!tx.vin[i].scriptSig.HasValidOps() || tx.vin[i].scriptSig.size() > MAX_SCRIPT_SIZE) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    // Check output scripts
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < tx.vout.size(); i++) {
        if (!tx.vout[i].scriptPubKey.HasValidOps() || tx.vout[i].scriptPubKey.size() > MAX_SCRIPT_SIZE) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

static bool DecodeTx(CMutableTransaction& tx, const std::vector<unsigned char>& tx_data, bool try_no_witness, bool try_witness)
{
    // General strategy:
    // - Decode both with extended serialization (which interprets the 0x0001 tag as a marker for
    //   the presence of witnesses) and with legacy serialization (which interprets the tag as a
    //   0-input 1-output incomplete transaction).
    //   - Restricted by try_no_witness (which disables legacy if false) and try_witness (which
    //     disables extended if false).
    //   - Ignore serializations that do not fully consume the hex string.
    // - If neither succeeds, fail.
    // - If only one succeeds, return that one.
    // - If both decode attempts succeed:
    //   - If only one passes the CheckTxScriptsSanity check, return that one.
    //   - If neither or both pass CheckTxScriptsSanity, return the extended one.

    CMutableTransaction tx_extended, tx_legacy;
    bool ok_extended = false, ok_legacy = false;

    // Try decoding with extended serialization support, and remember if the result successfully
    // consumes the entire input.
    if (try_witness) {
        CDataStream ssData(tx_data, SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION);
        try {
            ssData >> tx_extended;
            if (ssData.empty()) ok_extended = true;
        } catch (const std::exception&) {
            // Fall through.
        }
    }

    // Optimization: if extended decoding succeeded and the result passes CheckTxScriptsSanity,
    // don't bother decoding the other way.
    if (ok_extended && CheckTxScriptsSanity(tx_extended)) {
        tx = std::move(tx_extended);
        return true;
    }

    // Try decoding with legacy serialization, and remember if the result successfully consumes the entire input.
    if (try_no_witness) {
        CDataStream ssData(tx_data, SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION | SERIALIZE_TRANSACTION_NO_WITNESS);
        try {
            ssData >> tx_legacy;
            if (ssData.empty()) ok_legacy = true;
        } catch (const std::exception&) {
            // Fall through.
        }
    }

    // If legacy decoding succeeded and passes CheckTxScriptsSanity, that's our answer, as we know
    // at this point that extended decoding either failed or doesn't pass the sanity check.
    if (ok_legacy && CheckTxScriptsSanity(tx_legacy)) {
        tx = std::move(tx_legacy);
        return true;
    }

    // If extended decoding succeeded, and neither decoding passes sanity, return the extended one.
    if (ok_extended) {
        tx = std::move(tx_extended);
        return true;
    }

    // If legacy decoding succeeded and extended didn't, return the legacy one.
    if (ok_legacy) {
        tx = std::move(tx_legacy);
        return true;
    }

    // If none succeeded, we failed.
    return false;
}

bool DecodeHexTx(CMutableTransaction& tx, const std::string& hex_tx, bool try_no_witness, bool try_witness)
{
    if (!IsHex(hex_tx)) {
        return false;
    }

    std::vector<unsigned char> txData(ParseHex(hex_tx));
    return DecodeTx(tx, txData, try_no_witness, try_witness);
}

bool DecodeHexBlockHeader(CBlockHeader& header, const std::string& hex_header)
{
    if (!IsHex(hex_header)) return false;

    const std::vector<unsigned char> header_data{ParseHex(hex_header)};
    DataStream ser_header{header_data};
    try {
        ser_header >> header;
    } catch (const std::exception&) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool DecodeHexBlk(CBlock& block, const std::string& strHexBlk)
{
    if (!IsHex(strHexBlk))
        return false;

    std::vector<unsigned char> blockData(ParseHex(strHexBlk));
    CDataStream ssBlock(blockData, SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION);
    try {
        ssBlock >> block;
    }
    catch (const std::exception&) {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

bool ParseHashStr(const std::string& strHex, uint256& result)
{
    if ((strHex.size() != 64) || !IsHex(strHex))
        return false;

    result.SetHex(strHex);
    return true;
}

util::Result<int> SighashFromStr(const std::string& sighash)
{
    static std::map<std::string, int> map_sighash_values = {
        {std::string("DEFAULT"), int(SIGHASH_DEFAULT)},
        {std::string("ALL"), int(SIGHASH_ALL)},
        {std::string("ALL|ANYONECANPAY"), int(SIGHASH_ALL|SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY)},
        {std::string("NONE"), int(SIGHASH_NONE)},
        {std::string("NONE|ANYONECANPAY"), int(SIGHASH_NONE|SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY)},
        {std::string("SINGLE"), int(SIGHASH_SINGLE)},
        {std::string("SINGLE|ANYONECANPAY"), int(SIGHASH_SINGLE|SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY)},
    };
    const auto& it = map_sighash_values.find(sighash);
    if (it != map_sighash_values.end()) {
        return it->second;
    } else {
        return util::Error{Untranslated(sighash + " is not a valid sighash parameter.")};
    }
}