!

Reuse and expand the shell history in sh, Bash, Zsh, rbash and ksh. More information: https://gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#Event-Designators.

• Substitute with the previous command and run it with sudo:

sudo !!

• Substitute with a command based on its line number found with history:

!{{number}}

• Substitute with a command that was used a specified number of lines back:

!-{{number}}

• Substitute with the most recent command that starts with a string:

!{{string}}

• Substitute with the arguments of the latest command:

{{command}} !*

• Substitute with the last argument of the latest command:

{{command}} !$

• Substitute with the last command but without the last argument:

!:-

• Print last command that starts with a string without executing it:

!{{string}}:p