22. Internationalization

The modules described in this chapter help you write software that is independent of language and locale by providing mechanisms for selecting a language to be used in program messages or by tailoring output to match local conventions.

The list of modules described in this chapter is:

• 22.1. gettext — Multilingual internationalization services
  • 22.1.1. GNU gettext API
    • bindtextdomain()
    • bind_textdomain_codeset()
    • textdomain()
    • gettext()
    • lgettext()
    • dgettext()
    • ldgettext()
    • ngettext()
    • lngettext()
    • dngettext()
    • ldngettext()
  • 22.1.2. Class-based API
    • find()
    • translation()
    • install()
    • 22.1.2.1. The NullTranslations class
      • NullTranslations
        • NullTranslations._parse()
        • NullTranslations.add_fallback()
        • NullTranslations.gettext()
        • NullTranslations.lgettext()
        • NullTranslations.ugettext()
        • NullTranslations.ngettext()
        • NullTranslations.lngettext()
        • NullTranslations.ungettext()
        • NullTranslations.info()
        • NullTranslations.charset()
        • NullTranslations.output_charset()
        • NullTranslations.set_output_charset()
        • NullTranslations.install()
    • 22.1.2.2. The GNUTranslations class
      • GNUTranslations.gettext()
      • GNUTranslations.lgettext()
      • GNUTranslations.ugettext()
      • GNUTranslations.ngettext()
      • GNUTranslations.lngettext()
      • GNUTranslations.ungettext()
    • 22.1.2.3. Solaris message catalog support
    • 22.1.2.4. The Catalog constructor
  • 22.1.3. Internationalizing your programs and modules
    • 22.1.3.1. Localizing your module
    • 22.1.3.2. Localizing your application
    • 22.1.3.3. Changing languages on the fly
    • 22.1.3.4. Deferred translations
    • 22.1.3.5. gettext() vs. lgettext()
  • 22.1.4. Acknowledgements
• 22.2. locale — Internationalization services
  • Error
  • setlocale()
  • localeconv()
  • nl_langinfo()
    • CODESET
    • D_T_FMT
    • D_FMT
    • T_FMT
    • T_FMT_AMPM
    • RADIXCHAR
    • THOUSEP
    • YESEXPR
    • NOEXPR
    • CRNCYSTR
    • ERA
    • ERA_D_T_FMT
    • ERA_D_FMT
    • ERA_T_FMT
    • ALT_DIGITS
  • getdefaultlocale()
  • getlocale()
  • getpreferredencoding()
  • normalize()
  • resetlocale()
  • strcoll()
  • strxfrm()
  • format()
  • format_string()
  • currency()
  • str()
  • atof()
  • atoi()
  • LC_CTYPE
  • LC_COLLATE
  • LC_TIME
  • LC_MONETARY
  • LC_MESSAGES
  • LC_NUMERIC
  • LC_ALL
  • CHAR_MAX
  • 22.2.1. Background, details, hints, tips and caveats
  • 22.2.2. For extension writers and programs that embed Python
  • 22.2.3. Access to message catalogs
    • gettext()
    • dgettext()
    • dcgettext()
    • textdomain()
    • bindtextdomain()