About	Teacher-directed	Self-directed
Concept of the learner:	Dependent personality	Increasingly autonomous and self-directed person
Role of learners' experience:	To be built on more than used	A rich resource for learning
Readiness to learn:	Varies with levels of maturation	Develops from life tasks and problems
Orientation to learning:	Subject-centred	Task or problem-centred
Motivation:	External rewards and punishments	Internal, intrinsic incentives and curiosity