intra-range-methods {IRanges} | R Documentation

## Intra range transformations of an IRanges, IPos, Views, RangesList, or MaskCollection object

### Description

Range-based transformations are grouped in 2 categories:

1. Intra range transformations (e.g. `shift()`) transform each range individually (and independently of the other ranges). They return an object parallel to the input object, that is, where the i-th range corresponds to the i-th range in the input. Those transformations are described below.

2. Inter range transformations (e.g. `reduce()`) transform all the ranges together as a set to produce a new set of ranges. They return an object that is generally NOT parallel to the input object. Those transformations are described in the inter-range-methods man page (see `?`inter-range-methods``).

Except for `threebands()`, all the transformations described in this man page are endomorphisms that operate on a single "range-based" object, that is, they transform the ranges contained in the input object and return them in an object of the same class as the input object.

### Usage

    shift(x, shift=0L, use.names=TRUE)

    narrow(x, start=NA, end=NA, width=NA, use.names=TRUE)

    resize(x, width, fix="start", use.names=TRUE, ...)

    flank(x, width, start=TRUE, both=FALSE, use.names=TRUE, ...)

    promoters(x, upstream=2000, downstream=200, use.names=TRUE, ...)

    reflect(x, bounds, use.names=TRUE)

    restrict(x, start=NA, end=NA, keep.all.ranges=FALSE, use.names=TRUE)

    threebands(x, start=NA, end=NA, width=NA)

### Arguments

`x` | An IRanges, IPos, Views, RangesList, or MaskCollection object.
`shift` | An integer vector containing the shift information. Recycled as necessary so that each element corresponds to a range in `x`. Can also be a list-like object parallel to `x` if `x` is a RangesList object.
`use.names` | `TRUE` or `FALSE`. Should names be preserved?
`start, end` | If `x` is an IRanges, IPos or Views object: A vector of integers for all functions except for `flank`. For `restrict`, the supplied `start` and `end` arguments must be vectors of integers, eventually with NAs, that specify the restriction interval(s). Recycled as necessary so that each element corresponds to a range in `x`. Same thing for `narrow` and `threebands`, except that here `start` and `end` must contain coordinates relative to the ranges in `x`. See the Details section below. For `flank`, `start` is a logical indicating whether `x` should be flanked at the start (`TRUE`) or the end (`FALSE`). Recycled as necessary so that each element corresponds to a range in `x`. Can also be list-like objects parallel to `x` if `x` is a RangesList object.
`width` | If `x` is an IRanges, IPos or Views object: For `narrow` and `threebands`, a vector of integers, eventually with NAs. See the SEW (Start/End/Width) interface for the details (`?solveUserSEW`). For `resize` and `flank`, the width of the resized or flanking regions. Note that if `both` is `TRUE`, this is effectively doubled. Recycled as necessary so that each element corresponds to a range in `x`. Can also be a list-like object parallel to `x` if `x` is a RangesList object.
`fix` | If `x` is an IRanges, IPos or Views object: A character vector or character-Rle of length 1 or `length(x)` containing the values `"start"`, `"end"`, and `"center"` denoting what to use as an anchor for each element in `x`. Can also be a list-like object parallel to `x` if `x` is a RangesList object.
`...` | Additional arguments for methods.
`both` | If `TRUE`, extends the flanking region `width` positions into the range. The resulting range thus straddles the end point, with `width` positions on either side.
`upstream, downstream` | Vectors of non-NA non-negative integers. Recycled as necessary so that each element corresponds to a range in `x`. Can also be list-like objects parallel to `x` if `x` is a RangesList object. `upstream` defines the number of nucleotides toward the 5' end and `downstream` defines the number toward the 3' end, relative to the transcription start site. Promoter regions are formed by merging the upstream and downstream ranges. Default values for `upstream` and `downstream` were chosen based on our current understanding of gene regulation. On average, promoter regions in the mammalian genome are 5000 bp upstream and downstream of the transcription start site.
`bounds` | An IRanges object to serve as the reference bounds for the reflection, see below.
`keep.all.ranges` | `TRUE` or `FALSE`. Should ranges that don't overlap with the restriction interval(s) be kept? Note that "don't overlap" means that they end strictly before `start - 1` or start strictly after `end + 1`. Ranges that end at `start - 1` or start at `end + 1` are always kept and their width is set to zero in the returned IRanges object.

### Details

Unless specified otherwise, when `x` is a RangesList object, any transformation described here is equivalent to applying the transformation to each list element in `x`.

#### shift

`shift` shifts all the ranges in `x` by the amount specified by the `shift` argument.

#### narrow

`narrow` narrows the ranges in `x` i.e. each range in the returned IntegerRanges object is a subrange of the corresponding range in `x`. The supplied start/end/width values are solved by a call to `solveUserSEW(width(x), start=start, end=end, width=width)` and therefore must be compliant with the rules of the SEW (Start/End/Width) interface (see `?solveUserSEW` for the details). Then each subrange is derived from the original range according to the solved start/end/width values for this range. Note that those solved values are interpreted relatively to the original range.

#### resize

`resize` resizes the ranges to the specified width where either the start, end, or center is used as an anchor.

#### flank

`flank` generates flanking ranges for each range in `x`. If `start` is `TRUE` for a given range, the flanking occurs at the start, otherwise the end. The widths of the flanks are given by the `width` parameter. The widths can be negative, in which case the flanking region is reversed so that it represents a prefix or suffix of the range in `x`. The `flank` operation is illustrated below for a call of the form `flank(x, 3, TRUE)`, where `x` indicates a range in `x` and `-` indicates the resulting flanking region:

        ---xxxxxxx

If `start` were `FALSE`:

           xxxxxxx---

For negative width, i.e. `flank(x, -3, FALSE)`, where `*` indicates the overlap between `x` and the result:

           xxxx***

If `both` is `TRUE`, then, for all ranges in `x`, the flanking regions are extended into (or out of, if width is negative) the range, so that the result straddles the given endpoint and has twice the width given by `width`. This is illustrated below for `flank(x, 3, both=TRUE)`:

        ---***xxxx

#### promoters

`promoters` generates promoter ranges for each range in `x` relative to the transcription start site (TSS), where TSS is `start(x)`. The promoter range is expanded around the TSS according to the `upstream` and `downstream` arguments. `upstream` represents the number of nucleotides in the 5' direction and `downstream` the number in the 3' direction. The full range is defined as, (start(x) - upstream) to (start(x) + downstream - 1). For documentation for using `promoters` on a GRanges object see `?`promoters,GenomicRanges-method`` in the GenomicRanges package.

#### reflect

`reflect` "reflects" or reverses each range in `x` relative to the corresponding range in `bounds`, which is recycled as necessary. Reflection preserves the width of a range, but shifts it such the distance from the left bound to the start of the range becomes the distance from the end of the range to the right bound. This is illustrated below, where `x` represents a range in `x` and `[` and `]` indicate the bounds:

          [..xxx.....]
          becomes
          [.....xxx..]

#### restrict

`restrict` restricts the ranges in `x` to the interval(s) specified by the `start` and `end` arguments.

#### threebands

`threebands` extends the capability of `narrow` by returning the 3 ranges objects associated to the narrowing operation. The returned value `y` is a list of 3 ranges objects named `"left"`, `"middle"` and `"right"`. The middle component is obtained by calling `narrow` with the same arguments (except that names are dropped). The left and right components are also instances of the same class as `x` and they contain what has been removed on the left and right sides (respectively) of the original ranges during the narrowing.

Note that original object `x` can be reconstructed from the left and right bands with `punion(y$left, y$right, fill.gap=TRUE)`.

### Author(s)

H. Pagès, M. Lawrence, and P. Aboyoun

### See Also

- inter-range-methods for inter range transformations.

- The IRanges, IPos, Views, RangesList, and MaskCollection classes.

- The intra-range-methods man page in the GenomicRanges package for intra range transformations of genomic ranges.

- setops-methods for set operations on IRanges objects.

- `endoapply` in the S4Vectors package.

### Examples

    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    ## shift()
    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    ## On an IRanges object:
    ir1 <- successiveIRanges(c(19, 5, 0, 8, 5))
    ir1
    shift(ir1, shift=-3)

    ## On an IRangesList object:
    range1 <- IRanges(start=c(1, 2, 3), end=c(5, 2, 8))
    range2 <- IRanges(start=c(15, 45, 20, 1), end=c(15, 100, 80, 5))
    range3 <- IRanges(start=c(-2, 6, 7), width=c(8, 0, 0))  # with empty ranges
    collection <- IRangesList(one=range1, range2, range3)
    shift(collection, shift=5)  # same as endoapply(collection, shift, shift=5)

    ## Sanity check:
    res1 <- shift(collection, shift=5)
    res2 <- endoapply(collection, shift, shift=5)
    stopifnot(identical(res1, res2))

    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    ## narrow()
    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    ## On an IRanges object:
    ir2 <- ir1[width(ir1) != 0]
    narrow(ir2, start=4, end=-2)
    narrow(ir2, start=-4, end=-2)
    narrow(ir2, end=5, width=3)
    narrow(ir2, start=c(3, 4, 2, 3), end=c(12, 5, 7, 4))

    ## On an IRangesList object:
    narrow(collection[-3], start=2)
    narrow(collection[-3], end=-2)

    ## On a MaskCollection object:
    mask1 <- Mask(mask.width=29, start=c(11, 25, 28), width=c(5, 2, 2))
    mask2 <- Mask(mask.width=29, start=c(3, 10, 27), width=c(5, 8, 1))
    mask3 <- Mask(mask.width=29, start=c(7, 12), width=c(2, 4))
    mymasks <- append(append(mask1, mask2), mask3)
    mymasks
    narrow(mymasks, start=8)

    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    ## resize()
    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    ## On an IRanges object:
    resize(ir2, 200)
    resize(ir2, 2, fix="end")

    ## On an IRangesList object:
    resize(collection, width=200)

    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    ## flank()
    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    ## On an IRanges object:
    ir3 <- IRanges(c(2,5,1), c(3,7,3))
    flank(ir3, 2)
    flank(ir3, 2, start=FALSE)
    flank(ir3, 2, start=c(FALSE, TRUE, FALSE))
    flank(ir3, c(2, -2, 2))
    flank(ir3, 2, both = TRUE)
    flank(ir3, 2, start=FALSE, both=TRUE)
    flank(ir3, -2, start=FALSE, both=TRUE)

    ## On an IRangesList object:
    flank(collection, width=10)

    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    ## promoters()
    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    ## On an IRanges object:
    ir4 <- IRanges(20:23, width=3)
    promoters(ir4, upstream=0, downstream=0) ## no change
    promoters(ir4, upstream=0, downstream=1) ## start value only
    promoters(ir4, upstream=1, downstream=0) ## single upstream nucleotide

    ## On an IRangesList object:
    promoters(collection, upstream=5, downstream=2)

    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    ## reflect()
    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    ## On an IRanges object:
    bounds <- IRanges(c(0, 5, 3), c(10, 6, 9))
    reflect(ir3, bounds)

    ## reflect() does not yet support IRangesList objects!

    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    ## restrict()
    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    ## On an IRanges object:
    restrict(ir1, start=12, end=34)
    restrict(ir1, start=20)
    restrict(ir1, start=21)
    restrict(ir1, start=21, keep.all.ranges=TRUE)

    ## On an IRangesList object:
    restrict(collection, start=2, end=8)

    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    ## threebands()
    ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    ## On an IRanges object:
    z <- threebands(ir2, start=4, end=-2)
    ir2b <- punion(z$left, z$right, fill.gap=TRUE)
    stopifnot(identical(ir2, ir2b))
    threebands(ir2, start=-5)

    ## threebands() does not support IRangesList objects.

[Package IRanges version 2.14.12 Index]