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# QMap Class Reference

The QMap class is a template class that provides a skip-list-based dictionary. More...

    #include <QMap>

Part of the QtCore module.

Inherited by QMultiMap.

Note: All the functions in this class are reentrant.

- List of all members, including inherited members
- Qt 3 support members

### Public Types

- class const_iterator
- class iterator
- typedef ConstIterator
- typedef Iterator

### Public Functions

- QMap ()
- QMap ( const QMap<Key, T> & other )
- QMap ( const std::map<Key, T> & other )
- ~QMap ()
- iterator begin ()
- const_iterator begin () const
- void clear ()
- const_iterator constBegin () const
- const_iterator constEnd () const
- bool contains ( const Key & key ) const
- int count ( const Key & key ) const
- int count () const
- bool empty () const
- iterator end ()
- const_iterator end () const
- iterator erase ( iterator pos )
- iterator find ( const Key & key )
- const_iterator find ( const Key & key ) const
- iterator insert ( const Key & key, const T & value )
- iterator insertMulti ( const Key & key, const T & value )
- bool isEmpty () const
- const Key key ( const T & value ) const
- QList<Key> keys () const
- QList<Key> keys ( const T & value ) const
- iterator lowerBound ( const Key & key )
- const_iterator lowerBound ( const Key & key ) const
- int remove ( const Key & key )
- int size () const
- T take ( const Key & key )
- std::map<Key, T> toStdMap () const
- QMap<Key, T> & unite ( const QMap<Key, T> & other )
- iterator upperBound ( const Key & key )
- const_iterator upperBound ( const Key & key ) const
- const T value ( const Key & key ) const
- const T value ( const Key & key, const T & defaultValue ) const
- QList<T> values () const
- QList<T> values ( const Key & key ) const
- bool operator!= ( const QMap<Key, T> & other ) const
- QMap<Key, T> & operator= ( const QMap<Key, T> & other )
- bool operator== ( const QMap<Key, T> & other ) const
- T & operator[] ( const Key & key )
- const T operator[] ( const Key & key ) const

### Related Non-Members

- QDataStream & operator<< ( QDataStream & out, const QMap<Key, T> & map )
- QDataStream & operator>> ( QDataStream & in, QMap<Key, T> & map )

## Detailed Description

The QMap class is a template class that provides a skip-list-based dictionary.

QMap<Key, T> is one of Qt's generic container classes. It stores (key, value) pairs and provides fast lookup of the value associated with a key.

QMap and QHash provide very similar functionality. The differences are:

- QHash provides faster lookups than QMap.
- When iterating over a QHash, the items are arbitrarily ordered. With QMap, the items are always sorted by key.
- The key type of a QHash must provide operator==() and a global qHash(Key) function. The key type of a QMap must provide operator<().

Here's an example QMap with QString keys and `int` values:

        QMap<QString, int> map;

To insert a (key, value) pair into the map, you can use operator[]():

        map["one"] = 1;
        map["three"] = 3;
        map["seven"] = 7;

This inserts the following three (key, value) pairs into the QMap: ("one", 1), ("three", 3), and ("seven", 7).

Another way to insert items into the map is to use insert():

        map.insert("twelve", 12);

To look up a value, use operator[]() or value():

        int num1 = map["thirteen"];
        int num2 = map.value("thirteen");

If there is no item with the specified key in the map, these functions return a default-constructed value.

If you want to check whether the map contains a certain key, use contains():

        int timeout = 30;
        if (map.contains("TIMEOUT"))
            timeout = map.value("TIMEOUT");

There is also a value() overload that uses its second argument as a default value if there is no item with the specified key:

        int timeout = map.value("TIMEOUT", 30);

In general, we recommend that you use contains() and value() rather than operator[]() for looking up a key in a map. The reason is that operator[]() silently inserts an item into the map if no item exists with the same key (unless the map is const). For example, the following code snippet will create 1000 items in memory:

        // WRONG
        QMap<int, QWidget *> map;
        ...
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
            if (map[i] == okButton)
                cout << "Found button at index " << i << endl;
        }

To avoid this problem, replace `map[i]` with `map.value(i)` in the code above.

If you want to navigate through all the (key, value) pairs stored in a QMap, you can use an iterator. QMap provides both Java-style iterators (QMapIterator and QMutableMapIterator) and STL-style iterators (QMap::const_iterator and QMap::iterator). Here's how to iterate over a QMap<QString, int> using a Java-style iterator:

        QMapIterator<QString, int> i(map);
        while (i.hasNext()) {
            i.next();
            cout << i.key() << ": " << i.value() << endl;
        }

Here's the same code, but using an STL-style iterator this time:

        QMap<QString, int>::const_iterator i = map.constBegin();
        while (i != map.constEnd()) {
            cout << i.key() << ": " << i.value() << endl;
            ++i;
        }

The items are traversed in ascending key order.

Normally, a QMap allows only one value per key. If you call insert() with a key that already exists in the QMap, the previous value will be erased. For example:

        map.insert("plenty", 100);
        map.insert("plenty", 2000);
        // map.value("plenty") == 2000

However, you can store multiple values per key by using insertMulti() instead of insert() (or using the convenience subclass QMultiMap). If you want to retrieve all the values for a single key, you can use values(const Key &key), which returns a QList<T>:

        QList<int> values = map.values("plenty");
        for (int i = 0; i < values.size(); ++i)
            cout << values.at(i) << endl;

The items that share the same key are available from most recently to least recently inserted.

A more efficient approach is to use QMapIterator::findNextKey() or QMutableMapIterator::findNextKey():

        QMapIterator<QString, int> i(map);
        while (i.findNextKey("plenty"))
            cout << i.value() << endl;

If you prefer the STL-style iterators, you can call find() to get the iterator for the first item with a key and iterate from there:

        QMap<QString, int>::iterator i = map.find("plenty");
        while (i != map.end() && i.key() == "plenty") {
            cout << i.value() << endl;
            ++i;
        }

If you only need to extract the values from a map (not the keys), you can also use foreach:

        QMap<QString, int> map;
        ...
        foreach (int value, map)
            cout << value << endl;

Items can be removed from the map in several ways. One way is to call remove(); this will remove any item with the given key. Another way is to use QMutableMapIterator::remove(). In addition, you can clear the entire map using clear().

QMap's key and value data types must be assignable data types. This covers most data types you are likely to encounter, but the compiler won't let you, for example, store a QWidget as a value; instead, store a QWidget *. In addition, QMap's key type must provide operator<(). QMap uses it to keep its items sorted, and assumes that two keys `x` and `y` are equal if neither `x < y` nor `y < x` is true.

Example:

        #ifndef EMPLOYEE_H
        #define EMPLOYEE_H

        class Employee
        {
        public:
            Employee() {}
            Employee(const QString &name, const QDate &dateOfBirth);
            ...

        private:
            QString myName;
            QDate myDateOfBirth;
        };

        inline bool operator<(const Employee &e1, const Employee &e2)
        {
            if (e1.name() != e2.name())
                return e1.name() < e2.name();
            return e1.dateOfBirth() < e2.dateOfBirth();
        }

        #endif // EMPLOYEE_H

In the example, we start by comparing the employees' names. If they're equal, we compare their dates of birth to break the tie.

See also QMapIterator, QMutableMapIterator, QHash, and QSet.

## Member Type Documentation

### typedef QMap::ConstIterator

Qt-style synonym for QMap::const_iterator.

### typedef QMap::Iterator

Qt-style synonym for QMap::iterator.

## Member Function Documentation

### QMap::QMap ()

Constructs an empty map.

See also clear().

### QMap::QMap ( const QMap<Key, T> & other )

Constructs a copy of other.

This operation occurs in constant time, because QMap is implicitly shared. This makes returning a QMap from a function very fast. If a shared instance is modified, it will be copied (copy-on-write), and this takes linear time.

See also operator=().

### QMap::QMap ( const std::map<Key, T> & other )

Constructs a copy of other.

This function is only available if Qt is configured with STL compabitility enabled.

See also toStdMap().

### QMap::~QMap ()

Destroys the map. References to the values in the map, and all iterators over this map, become invalid.

### iterator QMap::begin ()

Returns an STL-style iterator pointing to the first item in the map.

See also constBegin() and end().

### const_iterator QMap::begin () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

### void QMap::clear ()

Removes all items from the map.

See also remove().

### const_iterator QMap::constBegin () const

Returns a const STL-style iterator pointing to the first item in the map.

See also begin() and constEnd().

### const_iterator QMap::constEnd () const

Returns a const STL-style iterator pointing to the imaginary item after the last item in the map.

See also constBegin() and end().

### bool QMap::contains ( const Key & key ) const

Returns true if the map contains an item with key key; otherwise returns false.

See also count().

### int QMap::count ( const Key & key ) const

Returns the number of items associated with key key.

See also contains() and insertMulti().

### int QMap::count () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Same as size().

### bool QMap::empty () const

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to isEmpty().

### iterator QMap::end ()

Returns an STL-style iterator pointing to the imaginary item after the last item in the map.

See also begin() and constEnd().

### const_iterator QMap::end () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

### iterator QMap::erase ( iterator pos )

Removes the (key, value) pair pointed to by the iterator pos from the map, and returns an iterator to the next item in the map.

See also remove().

### iterator QMap::find ( const Key & key )

Returns an iterator pointing to the item with key key in the map.

If the map contains no item with key key, the function returns end().

If the map contains multiple items with key key, this function returns an iterator that points to the most recently inserted value. The other values are accessible by incrementing the iterator. For example, here's some code that iterates over all the items with the same key:

        QMap<QString, int> map;
        ...
        QMap<QString, int>::const_iterator i = map.find("HDR");
        while (i != map.end() && i.key() == "HDR") {
            cout << i.value() << endl;
            ++i;
        }

See also value(), values(), lowerBound(), and upperBound().

### const_iterator QMap::find ( const Key & key ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

### iterator QMap::insert ( const Key & key, const T & value )

Inserts a new item with the key key and a value of value.

If there is already an item with the key key, that item's value is replaced with value.

If there are multiple items with the key key, the most recently inserted item's value is replaced with value.

See also insertMulti().

### iterator QMap::insertMulti ( const Key & key, const T & value )

Inserts a new item with the key key and a value of value.

If there is already an item with the same key in the map, this function will simply create a new one. (This behavior is different from insert(), which overwrites the value of an existing item.)

See also insert() and values().

### bool QMap::isEmpty () const

Returns true if the map contains no items; otherwise returns false.

See also size().

### const Key QMap::key ( const T & value ) const

Returns the first key with value value.

If the map contains no item with value value, the function returns a default-constructed key.

This function can be slow (linear time), because QMap's internal data structure is optimized for fast lookup by key, not by value.

See also value() and values().

### QList<Key> QMap::keys () const

Returns a list containing all the keys in the map, in ascending order. Keys that occur multiple times in the map also occur multiple times in the list.

The order is guaranteed to be the same as that used by values().

See also values() and key().

### QList<Key> QMap::keys ( const T & value ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns a list containing all the keys associated with value value, in ascending order.

This function can be slow (linear time), because QMap's internal data structure is optimized for fast lookup by key, not by value.

### iterator QMap::lowerBound ( const Key & key )

Returns an iterator pointing to the first item with key key in the map. If the map contains no item with key key, the function returns an iterator to the nearest item with a greater key.

Example:

        QMap<int, QString> map;
        map.insert(1, "one");
        map.insert(5, "five");
        map.insert(10, "ten");

        map.lowerBound(0);      // returns iterator to (1, "one")
        map.lowerBound(1);      // returns iterator to (1, "one")
        map.lowerBound(2);      // returns iterator to (5, "five")
        map.lowerBound(10);     // returns iterator to (10, "ten")
        map.lowerBound(999);    // returns end()

If the map contains multiple items with key key, this function returns an iterator that points to the most recently inserted value. The other values are accessible by incrementing the iterator. For example, here's some code that iterates over all the items with the same key:

        QMap<QString, int> map;
        ...
        QMap<QString, int>::const_iterator i = map.lowerBound("HDR");
        QMap<QString, int>::const_iterator upperBound = map.upperBound("HDR");
        while (i != upperBound) {
            cout << i.value() << endl;
            ++i;
        }

See also qLowerBound(), upperBound(), and find().

### const_iterator QMap::lowerBound ( const Key & key ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

### int QMap::remove ( const Key & key )

Removes all the items that have the key key from the map. Returns the number of items removed which is usually 1 but will be 0 if the key isn't in the map, or > 1 if insertMulti() has been used with the key.

See also clear() and take().

### int QMap::size () const

Returns the number of (key, value) pairs in the map.

See also isEmpty() and count().

### T QMap::take ( const Key & key )

Removes the item with the key key from the map and returns the value associated with it.

If the item does not exist in the map, the function simply returns a default-constructed value. If there are multiple items for key in the map, only the most recently inserted one is removed and returned.

If you don't use the return value, remove() is more efficient.

See also remove().

### std::map<Key, T> QMap::toStdMap () const

Returns an STL map equivalent to this QMap.

This function is only available if Qt is configured with STL compabitility enabled.

### QMap<Key, T> & QMap::unite ( const QMap<Key, T> & other )

Inserts all the items in the other map into this map. If a key is common to both maps, the resulting map will contain the key multiple times.

See also insertMulti().

### iterator QMap::upperBound ( const Key & key )

Returns an iterator pointing to the item that immediately follows the last item with key key in the map. If the map contains no item with key key, the function returns an iterator to the nearest item with a greater key.

Example:

        QMap<int, QString> map;
        map.insert(1, "one");
        map.insert(5, "five");
        map.insert(10, "ten");

        map.upperBound(0);      // returns iterator to (1, "one")
        map.upperBound(1);      // returns iterator to (5, "five")
        map.upperBound(2);      // returns iterator to (5, "five")
        map.upperBound(10);     // returns end()
        map.upperBound(999);    // returns end()

See also qUpperBound(), lowerBound(), and find().

### const_iterator QMap::upperBound ( const Key & key ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

### const T QMap::value ( const Key & key ) const

Returns the value associated with the key key.

If the map contains no item with key key, the function returns a default-constructed value. If there are multiple items for key in the map, the value of the most recently inserted one is returned.

See also key(), values(), contains(), and operator[]().

### const T QMap::value ( const Key & key, const T & defaultValue ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

If the map contains no item with key key, the function returns defaultValue.

### QList<T> QMap::values () const

Returns a list containing all the values in the map, in ascending order of their keys. If a key is associated multiple values, all of its values will be in the list, and not just the most recently inserted one.

See also keys().

### QList<T> QMap::values ( const Key & key ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns a list containing all the values associated with key key, from the most recently inserted to the least recently inserted one.

See also count() and insertMulti().

### bool QMap::operator!= ( const QMap<Key, T> & other ) const

Returns true if other is not equal to this map; otherwise returns false.

Two maps are considered equal if they contain the same (key, value) pairs.

This function requires the value type to implement `operator==()`.

See also operator==().

### QMap<Key, T> & QMap::operator= ( const QMap<Key, T> & other )

Assigns other to this map and returns a reference to this map.

### bool QMap::operator== ( const QMap<Key, T> & other ) const

Returns true if other is equal to this map; otherwise returns false.

Two maps are considered equal if they contain the same (key, value) pairs.

This function requires the value type to implement `operator==()`.

See also operator!=().

### T & QMap::operator[] ( const Key & key )

Returns the value associated with the key key as a modifiable reference.

If the map contains no item with key key, the function inserts a default-constructed value into the map with key key, and returns a reference to it. If the map contains multiple items with key key, this function returns a reference to the most recently inserted value.

See also insert() and value().

### const T QMap::operator[] ( const Key & key ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Same as value().

## Related Non-Members

### QDataStream & operator<< ( QDataStream & out, const QMap<Key, T> & map )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Writes the map map to stream out.

This function requires the key and value types to implement `operator<<()`.

See also Format of the QDataStream operators.

### QDataStream & operator>> ( QDataStream & in, QMap<Key, T> & map )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Reads a map from stream in into map.

This function requires the key and value types to implement `operator>>()`.

See also Format of the QDataStream operators.