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# Qt Tutorial 6 - Building Blocks Galore!

Files:

- tutorial/t6/main.cpp

This example shows how to encapsulate two widgets into a new component and how easy it is to use many widgets. For the first time, we use a custom widget as a child widget.

    #include <QApplication>
    #include <QFont>
    #include <QGridLayout>
    #include <QLCDNumber>
    #include <QPushButton>
    #include <QSlider>
    #include <QVBoxLayout>
    #include <QWidget>

    class LCDRange : public QWidget
    {
    public:
        LCDRange(QWidget *parent = 0);
    };

    LCDRange::LCDRange(QWidget *parent)
        : QWidget(parent)
    {
        QLCDNumber *lcd = new QLCDNumber(2);
        lcd->setSegmentStyle(QLCDNumber::Filled);

        QSlider *slider = new QSlider(Qt::Horizontal);
        slider->setRange(0, 99);
        slider->setValue(0);
        connect(slider, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)),
                lcd, SLOT(display(int)));

        QVBoxLayout *layout = new QVBoxLayout;
        layout->addWidget(lcd);
        layout->addWidget(slider);
        setLayout(layout);
    }

    class MyWidget : public QWidget
    {
    public:
        MyWidget(QWidget *parent = 0);
    };

    MyWidget::MyWidget(QWidget *parent)
        : QWidget(parent)
    {
        QPushButton *quit = new QPushButton(tr("Quit"));
        quit->setFont(QFont("Times", 18, QFont::Bold));
        connect(quit, SIGNAL(clicked()), qApp, SLOT(quit()));

        QGridLayout *grid = new QGridLayout;
        for (int row = 0; row < 3; ++row) {
            for (int column = 0; column < 3; ++column) {
                LCDRange *lcdRange = new LCDRange;
                grid->addWidget(lcdRange, row, column);
            }
        }

        QVBoxLayout *layout = new QVBoxLayout;
        layout->addWidget(quit);
        layout->addLayout(grid);
        setLayout(layout);
    }

    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
        QApplication app(argc, argv);
        MyWidget widget;
        widget.show();
        return app.exec();
    }

## Line by Line Walkthrough

    class LCDRange : public QWidget
    {
    public:
        LCDRange(QWidget *parent = 0);
    };

The `LCDRange` widget is a widget without any API. It just has a constructor. This sort of widget is not very useful, so we'll add some API later.

    LCDRange::LCDRange(QWidget *parent)
        : QWidget(parent)
    {
        QLCDNumber *lcd = new QLCDNumber(2);
        lcd->setSegmentStyle(QLCDNumber::Filled);

        QSlider *slider = new QSlider(Qt::Horizontal);
        slider->setRange(0, 99);
        slider->setValue(0);
        connect(slider, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)),
                lcd, SLOT(display(int)));

        QVBoxLayout *layout = new QVBoxLayout;
        layout->addWidget(lcd);
        layout->addWidget(slider);
        setLayout(layout);
    }

This is lifted straight from the `MyWidget` constructor in Chapter 5. The only differences are that the Quit button is left out and the class is renamed.

    class MyWidget : public QWidget
    {
    public:
        MyWidget(QWidget *parent = 0);
    };

`MyWidget`, too, contains no API except a constructor.

    MyWidget::MyWidget(QWidget *parent)
        : QWidget(parent)
    {
        QPushButton *quit = new QPushButton(tr("Quit"));
        quit->setFont(QFont("Times", 18, QFont::Bold));
        connect(quit, SIGNAL(clicked()), qApp, SLOT(quit()));

The push button that used to be in what is now `LCDRange` has been separated so that we can have one Quit button and many `LCDRange` objects.

        QGridLayout *grid = new QGridLayout;

We create a QWidget with a QGridLayout that will contain three columns.

The QGridLayout automatically arranges its widgets in rows and columns; you can specify the row and column numbers when adding widgets to the layout, and QGridLayout will fit them into the grid.

        for (int row = 0; row < 3; ++row) {
            for (int column = 0; column < 3; ++column) {
                LCDRange *lcdRange = new LCDRange;
                grid->addWidget(lcdRange, row, column);
            }
        }

We create nine `LCDRange` widgets, all of which are children of the grid object, and we arrange them in three rows and three columns.

        QVBoxLayout *layout = new QVBoxLayout;
        layout->addWidget(quit);
        layout->addLayout(grid);
        setLayout(layout);
    }

Finally, we add the Quit button and the grid layout containing `LCDRange` widgets, to the main layout. The QWidget::addLayout() function is similar to the QWidget::addWidget() function, making the given layout a child og the main layout.

That's all.

## Running the Application

This program shows how easy it is to use many widgets at a time. Each one behaves like the slider and LCD number in the previous chapter. Again, the difference lies in the implementation.

## Exercises

Initialize each slider with a different/random value on startup.

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