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# QChar Class Reference

The QChar class provides a lightweight Unicode character. More...

`#include <qstring.h>`

List of all member functions.

## Public Members

- QChar ()
- QChar ( char c )
- QChar ( uchar c )
- QChar ( uchar c, uchar r )
- QChar ( const QChar & c )
- QChar ( ushort rc )
- QChar ( short rc )
- QChar ( uint rc )
- QChar ( int rc )
- enum Category { NoCategory, Mark_NonSpacing, Mark_SpacingCombining, Mark_Enclosing, Number_DecimalDigit, Number_Letter, Number_Other, Separator_Space, Separator_Line, Separator_Paragraph, Other_Control, Other_Format, Other_Surrogate, Other_PrivateUse, Other_NotAssigned, Letter_Uppercase, Letter_Lowercase, Letter_Titlecase, Letter_Modifier, Letter_Other, Punctuation_Connector, Punctuation_Dash, Punctuation_Dask = Punctuation_Dash, Punctuation_Open, Punctuation_Close, Punctuation_InitialQuote, Punctuation_FinalQuote, Punctuation_Other, Symbol_Math, Symbol_Currency, Symbol_Modifier, Symbol_Other }
- enum Direction { DirL, DirR, DirEN, DirES, DirET, DirAN, DirCS, DirB, DirS, DirWS, DirON, DirLRE, DirLRO, DirAL, DirRLE, DirRLO, DirPDF, DirNSM, DirBN }
- enum Decomposition { Single, Canonical, Font, NoBreak, Initial, Medial, Final, Isolated, Circle, Super, Sub, Vertical, Wide, Narrow, Small, Square, Compat, Fraction }
- enum Joining { OtherJoining, Dual, Right, Center }
- enum CombiningClass { Combining_BelowLeftAttached = 200, Combining_BelowAttached = 202, Combining_BelowRightAttached = 204, Combining_LeftAttached = 208, Combining_RightAttached = 210, Combining_AboveLeftAttached = 212, Combining_AboveAttached = 214, Combining_AboveRightAttached = 216, Combining_BelowLeft = 218, Combining_Below = 220, Combining_BelowRight = 222, Combining_Left = 224, Combining_Right = 226, Combining_AboveLeft = 228, Combining_Above = 230, Combining_AboveRight = 232, Combining_DoubleBelow = 233, Combining_DoubleAbove = 234, Combining_IotaSubscript = 240 }
- int digitValue () const
- QChar lower () const
- QChar upper () const
- Category category () const
- Direction direction () const
- Joining joining () const
- bool mirrored () const
- QChar mirroredChar () const
- const QString & decomposition () const
- Decomposition decompositionTag () const
- unsigned char combiningClass () const
- char latin1 () const
- ushort unicode () const
- ushort & unicode ()
- operator char () const
- bool isNull () const
- bool isPrint () const
- bool isPunct () const
- bool isSpace () const
- bool isMark () const
- bool isLetter () const
- bool isNumber () const
- bool isLetterOrNumber () const
- bool isDigit () const
- bool isSymbol () const
- uchar cell () const
- uchar row () const

## Static Public Members

- bool networkOrdered ()

## Related Functions

- bool operator== ( QChar c1, QChar c2 )
- bool operator== ( char ch, QChar c )
- bool operator== ( QChar c, char ch )
- int operator!= ( QChar c1, QChar c2 )
- int operator!= ( char ch, QChar c )
- int operator!= ( QChar c, char ch )
- int operator<= ( QChar c1, QChar c2 )
- int operator<= ( QChar c, char ch )
- int operator<= ( char ch, QChar c )
- int operator>= ( QChar c1, QChar c2 )
- int operator>= ( QChar c, char ch )
- int operator>= ( char ch, QChar c )
- int operator< ( QChar c1, QChar c2 )
- int operator< ( QChar c, char ch )
- int operator< ( char ch, QChar c )
- int operator> ( QChar c1, QChar c2 )
- int operator> ( QChar c, char ch )
- int operator> ( char ch, QChar c )

## Detailed Description

The QChar class provides a lightweight Unicode character.

Unicode characters are (so far) 16-bit entities without any markup or structure. This class represents such an entity. It is lightweight, so it can be used everywhere. Most compilers treat it like a "short int." (In a few years it may be necessary to make QChar 32-bit when more than 65536 Unicode code points have been defined and come into use.)

QChar provides a full complement of testing/classification functions, converting to and from other formats, converting from composed to decomposed Unicode, and trying to compare and case-convert if you ask it to.

The classification functions include functions like those in ctype.h, but operating on the full range of Unicode characters. They all return TRUE if the character is a certain type of character; otherwise they return FALSE. These classification functions are isNull() (returns TRUE if the character is U+0000), isPrint() (TRUE if the character is any sort of printable character, including whitespace), isPunct() (any sort of punctation), isMark() (Unicode Mark), isLetter (a letter), isNumber() (any sort of numeric character), isLetterOrNumber(), and isDigit() (decimal digits). All of these are wrappers around category() which return the Unicode-defined category of each character.

QChar further provides direction(), which indicates the "natural" writing direction of this character. The joining() function indicates how the character joins with its neighbors (needed mostly for Arabic) and finally mirrored(), which indicates whether the character needs to be mirrored when it is printed in its "unnatural" writing direction.

Composed Unicode characters (like å) can be converted to decomposed Unicode ("a" followed by "ring above") by using decomposition().

In Unicode, comparison is not necessarily possible and case conversion is very difficult at best. Unicode, covering the "entire" world, also includes most of the world's case and sorting problems. Qt tries, but not very hard: operator== and friends will do comparison based purely on the numeric Unicode value (code point) of the characters, and upper() and lower() will do case changes when the character has a well-defined upper/lower-case equivalent. There is no provision for locale-dependent case folding rules or comparison; these functions are meant to be fast so they can be used unambiguously in data structures. (See QString::localeAwareCompare() though.)

The conversion functions include unicode() (to a scalar), latin1() (to scalar, but converts all non-Latin1 characters to 0), row() (gives the Unicode row), cell() (gives the Unicode cell), digitValue() (gives the integer value of any of the numerous digit characters), and a host of constructors.

More information can be found in the document About Unicode.

See also QString, QCharRef and Text Related Classes.

## Member Type Documentation

### QChar::Category

This enum maps the Unicode character categories. The following characters are normative in Unicode:

- `QChar::Mark_NonSpacing` - Unicode class name Mn
- `QChar::Mark_SpacingCombining` - Unicode class name Mc
- `QChar::Mark_Enclosing` - Unicode class name Me
- `QChar::Number_DecimalDigit` - Unicode class name Nd
- `QChar::Number_Letter` - Unicode class name Nl
- `QChar::Number_Other` - Unicode class name No
- `QChar::Separator_Space` - Unicode class name Zs
- `QChar::Separator_Line` - Unicode class name Zl
- `QChar::Separator_Paragraph` - Unicode class name Zp
- `QChar::Other_Control` - Unicode class name Cc
- `QChar::Other_Format` - Unicode class name Cf
- `QChar::Other_Surrogate` - Unicode class name Cs
- `QChar::Other_PrivateUse` - Unicode class name Co
- `QChar::Other_NotAssigned` - Unicode class name Cn

The following categories are informative in Unicode:

- `QChar::Letter_Uppercase` - Unicode class name Lu
- `QChar::Letter_Lowercase` - Unicode class name Ll
- `QChar::Letter_Titlecase` - Unicode class name Lt
- `QChar::Letter_Modifier` - Unicode class name Lm
- `QChar::Letter_Other` - Unicode class name Lo
- `QChar::Punctuation_Connector` - Unicode class name Pc
- `QChar::Punctuation_Dash` - Unicode class name Pd
- `QChar::Punctuation_Open` - Unicode class name Ps
- `QChar::Punctuation_Close` - Unicode class name Pe
- `QChar::Punctuation_InitialQuote` - Unicode class name Pi
- `QChar::Punctuation_FinalQuote` - Unicode class name Pf
- `QChar::Punctuation_Other` - Unicode class name Po
- `QChar::Symbol_Math` - Unicode class name Sm
- `QChar::Symbol_Currency` - Unicode class name Sc
- `QChar::Symbol_Modifier` - Unicode class name Sk
- `QChar::Symbol_Other` - Unicode class name So

There are two categories that are specific to Qt:

- `QChar::NoCategory` - used when Qt is dazed and confused and cannot make sense of anything.
- `QChar::Punctuation_Dask` - old typo alias for Punctuation_Dash

### QChar::CombiningClass

This enum defines names for some of the combining classes defined in the Unicode standard. See the Unicode Standard for a more detailed description.

### QChar::Decomposition

This enum type defines the Unicode decomposition attributes. See the Unicode Standard for a description of the values.

### QChar::Direction

This enum type defines the Unicode direction attributes. See the Unicode Standard for a description of the values.

In order to conform to C/C++ naming conventions "Dir" is prepended to the codes used in the Unicode Standard.

### QChar::Joining

This enum type defines the Unicode decomposition attributes. See the Unicode Standard for a description of the values.

## Member Function Documentation

### QChar::QChar ()

Constructs a null QChar (one that isNull()).

### QChar::QChar ( char c )

Constructs a QChar corresponding to ASCII/Latin1 character c.

### QChar::QChar ( uchar c )

Constructs a QChar corresponding to ASCII/Latin1 character c.

### QChar::QChar ( uchar c, uchar r )

Constructs a QChar for Unicode cell c in row r.

### QChar::QChar ( const QChar & c )

Constructs a copy of c. This is a deep copy, if such a lightweight object can be said to have deep copies.

### QChar::QChar ( ushort rc )

Constructs a QChar for the character with Unicode code point rc.

### QChar::QChar ( short rc )

Constructs a QChar for the character with Unicode code point rc.

### QChar::QChar ( uint rc )

Constructs a QChar for the character with Unicode code point rc.

### QChar::QChar ( int rc )

Constructs a QChar for the character with Unicode code point rc.

### Category QChar::category () const

Returns the character category.

See also Category.

### uchar QChar::cell () const

Returns the cell (least significant byte) of the Unicode character.

### unsigned char QChar::combiningClass () const

Returns the combining class for the character as defined in the Unicode standard. This is mainly useful as a positioning hint for marks attached to a base character.

The Qt text rendering engine uses this information to correctly position non spacing marks around a base character.

### const QString & QChar::decomposition () const

Decomposes a character into its parts. Returns QString::null if no decomposition exists.

### Decomposition QChar::decompositionTag () const

Returns the tag defining the composition of the character. Returns QChar::Single if no decomposition exists.

### int QChar::digitValue () const

Returns the numeric value of the digit, or -1 if the character is not a digit.

### Direction QChar::direction () const

Returns the character's direction.

See also Direction.

### bool QChar::isDigit () const

Returns whether the character is a decimal digit (Number_DecimalDigit).

### bool QChar::isLetter () const

Returns whether the character is a letter (Letter_* categories).

### bool QChar::isLetterOrNumber () const

Returns whether the character is a letter or number (Letter_* or Number_* categories).

### bool QChar::isMark () const

Returns whether the character is a mark (Mark_* categories).

### bool QChar::isNull () const

Returns TRUE if the character is the Unicode character 0x0000, i.e., ASCII NUL.

### bool QChar::isNumber () const

Returns whether the character is a number (of any sort - Number_* categories).

See also isDigit().

### bool QChar::isPrint () const

Returns whether the character is a printable character. This is any character not of category Cc or Cn. Note that this gives no indication of whether the character is available in a particular font.

### bool QChar::isPunct () const

Returns whether the character is a punctuation mark (Punctuation_* categories).

### bool QChar::isSpace () const

Returns whether the character is a separator character (Separator_* categories).

### bool QChar::isSymbol () const

Returns whether the character is a symbol (Symbol_* categories)

### Joining QChar::joining () const

This function is not supported (it may change to use Unicode character classes).

Returns information about the joining properties of the character (needed for Arabic).

### char QChar::latin1 () const

Returns a latin-1 copy of this character, if this character is in the latin-1 character set. If not, this function returns 0.

### QChar QChar::lower () const

Returns the lowercase equivalent if the character is uppercase, otherwise returns the character itself.

### bool QChar::mirrored () const

Returns whether the character is a mirrored character (one that should be reversed if the text direction is reversed).

### QChar QChar::mirroredChar () const

Returns the mirrored char if this character is a mirrored char, otherwise returns the char itself.

### bool QChar::networkOrdered ()`[static]`

Returns TRUE if this character is in network byte order (MSB first), and FALSE if it is not. This is a platform-dependent property, so we strongly advise against using this function in portable code.

### QChar::operator char () const

Returns the Latin1 character equivalent to the QChar, or 0. This is mainly useful for non-internationalized software.

See also unicode().

### uchar QChar::row () const

Returns the row (most significant byte) of the Unicode character.

### ushort QChar::unicode () const

Returns the numeric Unicode value equal to the QChar. Normally, you should use QChar objects as they are equivalent, but for some low-level tasks (e.g. indexing into an array of Unicode information), this function is useful.

### ushort & QChar::unicode ()

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns a reference to the numeric Unicode value equal to the QChar.

### QChar QChar::upper () const

Returns the uppercase equivalent if the character is lowercase, otherwise returns the character itself.

## Related Functions

### int operator!= ( QChar c1, QChar c2 )

Returns TRUE if c1 and c2 are not the same Unicode character.

### int operator!= ( char ch, QChar c )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if c is not the ASCII/Latin1 character ch.

### int operator!= ( QChar c, char ch )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if c is not the ASCII/Latin1 character ch.

### int operator< ( QChar c1, QChar c2 )

Returns TRUE if the numeric Unicode value of c1 is less than that of c2.

### int operator< ( QChar c, char ch )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if the numeric Unicode value of c is less than that of the ASCII/Latin1 character ch.

### int operator< ( char ch, QChar c )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if the numeric Unicode value of the ASCII/Latin1 character ch is less than that of c.

### int operator<= ( QChar c1, QChar c2 )

Returns TRUE if the numeric Unicode value of c1 is less than that of c2, or they are the same Unicode character.

### int operator<= ( QChar c, char ch )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if the numeric Unicode value of c is less than or equal to that of the ASCII/Latin1 character ch.

### int operator<= ( char ch, QChar c )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if the numeric Unicode value of the ASCII/Latin1 character ch is less than or equal to that of c.

### bool operator== ( QChar c1, QChar c2 )

Returns TRUE if c1 and c2 are the same Unicode character.

### bool operator== ( char ch, QChar c )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if c is the ASCII/Latin1 character ch.

### bool operator== ( QChar c, char ch )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if c is the ASCII/Latin1 character ch.

### int operator> ( QChar c1, QChar c2 )

Returns TRUE if the numeric Unicode value of c1 is greater than that of c2.

### int operator> ( QChar c, char ch )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if the numeric Unicode value of c is greater than that of the ASCII/Latin1 character ch.

### int operator> ( char ch, QChar c )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if the numeric Unicode value of the ASCII/Latin1 character ch is greater than that of c.

### int operator>= ( QChar c1, QChar c2 )

Returns TRUE if the numeric Unicode value of c1 is greater than that of c2, or they are the same Unicode character.

### int operator>= ( QChar c, char ch )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if the numeric Unicode value of c is greater than or equal to that of the ASCII/Latin1 character ch.

### int operator>= ( char ch, QChar c )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if the numeric Unicode value of the ASCII/Latin1 character ch is greater than or equal to that of c.

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