This is Info file libc.info, produced by Makeinfo version 1.67 from the
input file libc.texinfo.

   This file documents the GNU C library.

   This is Edition 0.07 DRAFT, last updated 4 Oct 1996, of `The GNU C
Library Reference Manual', for Version 2.00 Beta.

   Copyright (C) 1993, '94, '95, '96 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.

   Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also
that the section entitled "GNU Library General Public License" is
included exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

   Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
versions, except that the text of the translation of the section
entitled "GNU Library General Public License" must be approved for
accuracy by the Foundation.


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libc.info-1: 1168
libc.info-2: 50053
libc.info-3: 97428
libc.info-4: 147178
libc.info-5: 194826
libc.info-6: 239202
libc.info-7: 286755
libc.info-8: 336118
libc.info-9: 381079
libc.info-10: 429754
libc.info-11: 479454
libc.info-12: 528835
libc.info-13: 577714
libc.info-14: 626772
libc.info-15: 676295
libc.info-16: 725978
libc.info-17: 774607
libc.info-18: 821763
libc.info-19: 869256
libc.info-20: 919163
libc.info-21: 969025
libc.info-22: 1016110
libc.info-23: 1063622
libc.info-24: 1113357
libc.info-25: 1163126
libc.info-26: 1213001
libc.info-27: 1261294
libc.info-28: 1310192
libc.info-29: 1416272
libc.info-30: 1458646
libc.info-31: 1485510
libc.info-32: 1535578
libc.info-33: 1572815

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top1168
Node: Introduction40400
Node: Getting Started41748
Node: Standards and Portability43208
Node: ISO C44593
Node: POSIX46110
Node: Berkeley Unix47790
Node: SVID48558
Node: Using the Library49330
Node: Header Files50053
Node: Macro Definitions54005
Node: Reserved Names56355
Node: Feature Test Macros61037
Node: Roadmap to the Manual66921
Node: Error Reporting74134
Node: Checking for Errors75062
Node: Error Codes79277
Node: Error Messages97428
Node: Memory Allocation103039
Node: Memory Concepts103976
Node: Dynamic Allocation and C105246
Node: Unconstrained Allocation107330
Node: Basic Allocation108769
Node: Malloc Examples110473
Node: Freeing after Malloc112429
Node: Changing Block Size114245
Node: Allocating Cleared Space116772
Node: Efficiency and Malloc117780
Node: Aligned Memory Blocks118870
Node: Malloc Tunable Parameters120250
Node: Heap Consistency Checking121913
Node: Hooks for Malloc124710
Node: Statistics of Malloc126959
Node: Summary of Malloc128892
Node: Obstacks130841
Node: Creating Obstacks132459
Node: Preparing for Obstacks134358
Node: Allocation in an Obstack136698
Node: Freeing Obstack Objects139365
Node: Obstack Functions140701
Node: Growing Objects142931
Node: Extra Fast Growing147178
Node: Status of an Obstack150797
Node: Obstacks Data Alignment152216
Node: Obstack Chunks153902
Node: Summary of Obstacks156259
Node: Variable Size Automatic159673
Node: Alloca Example161229
Node: Advantages of Alloca162346
Node: Disadvantages of Alloca164238
Node: GNU C Variable-Size Arrays164983
Node: Relocating Allocator166141
Node: Relocator Concepts166679
Node: Using Relocator168192
Node: Character Handling169577
Node: Classification of Characters170526
Node: Case Conversion174187
Node: String and Array Utilities176035
Node: Representation of Strings177846
Node: String/Array Conventions180788
Node: String Length182620
Node: Copying and Concatenation183605
Node: String/Array Comparison194826
Node: Collation Functions199888
Node: Search Functions206850
Node: Finding Tokens in a String211121
Node: I/O Overview217263
Node: I/O Concepts218776
Node: Streams and File Descriptors219921
Node: File Position223012
Node: File Names225146
Node: Directories226032
Node: File Name Resolution227769
Node: File Name Errors230698
Node: File Name Portability232247
Node: I/O on Streams234239
Node: Streams236195
Node: Standard Streams237536
Node: Opening Streams239202
Node: Closing Streams245059
Node: Simple Output247603
Node: Character Input249939
Node: Line Input253048
Node: Unreading258036
Node: Unreading Idea258845
Node: How Unread259671
Node: Block Input/Output262154
Node: Formatted Output264383
Node: Formatted Output Basics266150
Node: Output Conversion Syntax268643
Node: Table of Output Conversions272369
Node: Integer Conversions274902
Node: Floating-Point Conversions279566
Node: Other Output Conversions283595
Node: Formatted Output Functions286755
Node: Dynamic Output290436
Node: Variable Arguments Output292073
Node: Parsing a Template String297585
Node: Example of Parsing301412
Node: Customizing Printf303700
Node: Registering New Conversions305549
Node: Conversion Specifier Options307540
Node: Defining the Output Handler311213
Node: Printf Extension Example313679
Node: Formatted Input315987
Node: Formatted Input Basics317066
Node: Input Conversion Syntax319746
Node: Table of Input Conversions323108
Node: Numeric Input Conversions325405
Node: String Input Conversions329183
Node: Dynamic String Input333276
Node: Other Input Conversions334466
Node: Formatted Input Functions336118
Node: Variable Arguments Input337684
Node: EOF and Errors339319
Node: Binary Streams341539
Node: File Positioning344063
Node: Portable Positioning347896
Node: Stream Buffering351367
Node: Buffering Concepts352952
Node: Flushing Buffers354315
Node: Controlling Buffering355811
Node: Other Kinds of Streams360246
Node: String Streams361508
Node: Obstack Streams365628
Node: Custom Streams367662
Node: Streams and Cookies368315
Node: Hook Functions371362
Node: Low-Level I/O373748
Node: Opening and Closing Files376400
Node: I/O Primitives381079
Node: File Position Primitive389332
Node: Descriptors and Streams394767
Node: Stream/Descriptor Precautions397187
Node: Linked Channels398394
Node: Independent Channels399622
Node: Cleaning Streams401525
Node: Waiting for I/O403728
Node: Control Operations411479
Node: Duplicating Descriptors413763
Node: Descriptor Flags418025
Node: File Status Flags421431
Node: Access Modes422885
Node: Open-time Flags425174
Node: Operating Modes429754
Node: Getting File Status Flags432520
Node: File Locks435131
Node: Interrupt Input444034
Node: File System Interface446453
Node: Working Directory447853
Node: Accessing Directories451607
Node: Directory Entries453016
Node: Opening a Directory455816
Node: Reading/Closing Directory457508
Node: Simple Directory Lister460442
Node: Random Access Directory461460
Node: Scanning Directory Content462962
Node: Simple Directory Lister Mark II465217
Node: Hard Links466338
Node: Symbolic Links469131
Node: Deleting Files472897
Node: Renaming Files475827
Node: Creating Directories479454
Node: File Attributes481202
Node: Attribute Meanings482698
Node: Reading Attributes487781
Node: Testing File Type489683
Node: File Owner492899
Node: Permission Bits496592
Node: Access Permission501699
Node: Setting Permissions502849
Node: Testing File Access508064
Node: File Times511707
Node: Making Special Files516215
Node: Temporary Files517892
Node: Pipes and FIFOs524099
Node: Creating a Pipe525682
Node: Pipe to a Subprocess528835
Node: FIFO Special Files531675
Node: Pipe Atomicity533248
Node: Sockets534132
Node: Socket Concepts536007
Node: Communication Styles539221
Node: Socket Addresses541073
Node: Address Formats543114
Node: Setting Address545797
Node: Reading Address547501
Node: File Namespace549259
Node: File Namespace Concepts549749
Node: File Namespace Details551344
Node: File Socket Example552958
Node: Internet Namespace554282
Node: Internet Address Format556009
Node: Host Addresses557378
Node: Abstract Host Addresses558438
Node: Host Address Data Type561231
Node: Host Address Functions563122
Node: Host Names565549
Node: Ports570561
Node: Services Database572599
Node: Byte Order575426
Node: Protocols Database577714
Node: Inet Example581255
Node: Misc Namespaces583285
Node: Open/Close Sockets584035
Node: Creating a Socket584533
Node: Closing a Socket586201
Node: Socket Pairs587731
Node: Connections589741
Node: Connecting590835
Node: Listening593391
Node: Accepting Connections595476
Node: Who is Connected598332
Node: Transferring Data599428
Node: Sending Data600538
Node: Receiving Data602786
Node: Socket Data Options604250
Node: Byte Stream Example605113
Node: Server Example607091
Node: Out-of-Band Data611138
Node: Datagrams616992
Node: Sending Datagrams618021
Node: Receiving Datagrams619678
Node: Datagram Example621479
Node: Example Receiver623397
Node: Inetd625964
Node: Inetd Servers626772
Node: Configuring Inetd628015
Node: Socket Options630689
Node: Socket Option Functions631397
Node: Socket-Level Options632955
Node: Networks Database636589
Node: Low-Level Terminal Interface639451
Node: Is It a Terminal640786
Node: I/O Queues642002
Node: Canonical or Not643972
Node: Terminal Modes645819
Node: Mode Data Types647095
Node: Mode Functions648923
Node: Setting Modes652863
Node: Input Modes654851
Node: Output Modes660118
Node: Control Modes661731
Node: Local Modes665821
Node: Line Speed672135
Node: Special Characters676295
Node: Editing Characters678207
Node: Signal Characters682548
Node: Start/Stop Characters685417
Node: Other Special687288
Node: Noncanonical Input689102
Node: Line Control693915
Node: Noncanon Example698227
Node: Mathematics700422
Node: Domain and Range Errors701626
Node: Trig Functions704849
Node: Inverse Trig Functions706219
Node: Exponents and Logarithms708657
Node: Hyperbolic Functions711558
Node: Pseudo-Random Numbers713137
Node: ISO Random714723
Node: BSD Random715896
Node: Arithmetic717813
Node: Not a Number718722
Node: Predicates on Floats720064
Node: Absolute Value721638
Node: Normalization Functions723136
Node: Rounding and Remainders725978
Node: Integer Division729346
Node: Parsing of Numbers731496
Node: Parsing of Integers732148
Node: Parsing of Floats739623
Node: Searching and Sorting744087
Node: Comparison Functions744878
Node: Array Search Function745992
Node: Array Sort Function747415
Node: Search/Sort Example749387
Node: Pattern Matching752837
Node: Wildcard Matching753639
Node: Globbing756517
Node: Calling Glob757307
Node: Flags for Globbing760888
Node: Regular Expressions764386
Node: POSIX Regexp Compilation765370
Node: Flags for POSIX Regexps769485
Node: Matching POSIX Regexps770392
Node: Regexp Subexpressions772553
Node: Subexpression Complications774607
Node: Regexp Cleanup776966
Node: Word Expansion779292
Node: Expansion Stages780460
Node: Calling Wordexp781953
Node: Flags for Wordexp785916
Node: Wordexp Example787869
Node: Date and Time789844
Node: Processor Time790968
Node: Basic CPU Time791726
Node: Detailed CPU Time793745
Node: Calendar Time796210
Node: Simple Calendar Time797788
Node: High-Resolution Calendar799545
Node: Broken-down Time805265
Node: Formatting Date and Time810481
Node: TZ Variable821763
Node: Time Zone Functions827824
Node: Time Functions Example830493
Node: Setting an Alarm831608
Node: Sleeping836835
Node: Resource Usage839491
Node: Limits on Resources843002
Node: Priority847390
Node: Extended Characters850652
Node: Extended Char Intro852260
Node: Locales and Extended Chars854197
Node: Multibyte Char Intro855247
Node: Wide Char Intro862541
Node: Wide String Conversion864308
Node: Length of Char867545
Node: Converting One Char869256
Node: Example of Conversion872653
Node: Shift State875543
Node: Locales878196
Node: Effects of Locale879764
Node: Choosing Locale881700
Node: Locale Categories883024
Node: Setting the Locale884671
Node: Standard Locales888565
Node: Numeric Formatting889805
Node: General Numeric891315
Node: Currency Symbol894237
Node: Sign of Money Amount898847
Node: Non-Local Exits901151
Node: Non-Local Intro901770
Node: Non-Local Details905497
Node: Non-Local Exits and Signals908573
Node: Signal Handling910043
Node: Concepts of Signals912078
Node: Kinds of Signals912642
Node: Signal Generation914039
Node: Delivery of Signal916306
Node: Standard Signals919163
Node: Program Error Signals920756
Node: Termination Signals928214
Node: Alarm Signals932052
Node: Asynchronous I/O Signals933292
Node: Job Control Signals934483
Node: Operation Error Signals939095
Node: Miscellaneous Signals941034
Node: Signal Messages942730
Node: Signal Actions944616
Node: Basic Signal Handling945561
Node: Advanced Signal Handling950494
Node: Signal and Sigaction953450
Node: Sigaction Function Example955202
Node: Flags for Sigaction957518
Node: Initial Signal Actions959896
Node: Defining Handlers961279
Node: Handler Returns963464
Node: Termination in Handler965514
Node: Longjmp in Handler966930
Node: Signals in Handler969025
Node: Merged Signals971145
Node: Nonreentrancy976855
Node: Atomic Data Access982403
Node: Non-atomic Example983439
Node: Atomic Types985210
Node: Atomic Usage986218
Node: Interrupted Primitives987688
Node: Generating Signals990988
Node: Signaling Yourself991581
Node: Signaling Another Process993563
Node: Permission for kill996946
Node: Kill Example998742
Node: Blocking Signals1001086
Node: Why Block1002858
Node: Signal Sets1004395
Node: Process Signal Mask1007421
Node: Testing for Delivery1010429
Node: Blocking for Handler1011679
Node: Checking for Pending Signals1014098
Node: Remembering a Signal1016110
Node: Waiting for a Signal1019659
Node: Using Pause1020204
Node: Pause Problems1021424
Node: Sigsuspend1023148
Node: Signal Stack1025858
Node: BSD Signal Handling1031202
Node: BSD Handler1032476
Node: Blocking in BSD1034910
Node: Process Startup1036364
Node: Program Arguments1037399
Node: Argument Syntax1040128
Node: Parsing Options1042758
Node: Example of Getopt1046049
Node: Long Options1048765
Node: Long Option Example1052826
Node: Suboptions1055675
Node: Suboptions Example1057624
Node: Environment Variables1059719
Node: Environment Access1061580
Node: Standard Environment1063622
Node: Program Termination1067305
Node: Normal Termination1068524
Node: Exit Status1069750
Node: Cleanups on Exit1072771
Node: Aborting a Program1074588
Node: Termination Internals1075487
Node: Processes1077263
Node: Running a Command1079286
Node: Process Creation Concepts1080779
Node: Process Identification1082789
Node: Creating a Process1083713
Node: Executing a File1087329
Node: Process Completion1094364
Node: Process Completion Status1099373
Node: BSD Wait Functions1101017
Node: Process Creation Example1102909
Node: Job Control1105159
Node: Concepts of Job Control1106439
Node: Job Control is Optional1109796
Node: Controlling Terminal1110846
Node: Access to the Terminal1111753
Node: Orphaned Process Groups1113357
Node: Implementing a Shell1114349
Node: Data Structures1115232
Node: Initializing the Shell1117875
Node: Launching Jobs1121611
Node: Foreground and Background1129064
Node: Stopped and Terminated Jobs1132173
Node: Continuing Stopped Jobs1137355
Node: Missing Pieces1138982
Node: Functions for Job Control1140606
Node: Identifying the Terminal1141086
Node: Process Group Functions1142660
Node: Terminal Access Functions1146212
Node: Name Service Switch1149113
Node: NSS Basics1150444
Node: NSS Configuration File1152039
Node: Services in the NSS configuration1153737
Node: Actions in the NSS configuration1155018
Node: Notes on NSS Configuration File1158177
Node: NSS Module Internals1160053
Node: NSS Module Names1160749
Node: NSS Modules Interface1163126
Node: Extending NSS1166655
Node: Adding another Service to NSS1167586
Node: NSS Module Function Internals1169805
Node: Users and Groups1174206
Node: User and Group IDs1176682
Node: Process Persona1177589
Node: Why Change Persona1179100
Node: How Change Persona1180981
Node: Reading Persona1182463
Node: Setting User ID1184733
Node: Setting Groups1186943
Node: Enable/Disable Setuid1189500
Node: Setuid Program Example1191539
Node: Tips for Setuid1195008
Node: Who Logged In1197096
Node: User Database1199264
Node: User Data Structure1199925
Node: Lookup User1201204
Node: Scanning All Users1204294
Node: Writing a User Entry1207673
Node: Group Database1208572
Node: Group Data Structure1209159
Node: Lookup Group1209945
Node: Scanning All Groups1213001
Node: Netgroup Database1216282
Node: Netgroup Data1216716
Node: Lookup Netgroup1218280
Node: Netgroup Membership1221692
Node: Database Example1223022
Node: System Information1225196
Node: Host Identification1225793
Node: Hardware/Software Type ID1229012
Node: System Configuration1231711
Node: General Limits1233278
Node: System Options1236917
Node: Version Supported1240249
Node: Sysconf1242086
Node: Sysconf Definition1242722
Node: Constants for Sysconf1243394
Node: Examples of Sysconf1246527
Node: Minimums1247520
Node: Limits for Files1249596
Node: Options for Files1252598
Node: File Minimums1254887
Node: Pathconf1256549
Node: Utility Limits1259236
Node: Utility Minimums1261294
Node: String Parameters1263046
Node: Language Features1265100
Node: Consistency Checking1266031
Node: Variadic Functions1270669
Node: Why Variadic1271741
Node: How Variadic1273706
Node: Variadic Prototypes1274995
Node: Receiving Arguments1276153
Node: How Many Arguments1278867
Node: Calling Variadics1280538
Node: Argument Macros1282675
Node: Variadic Example1284315
Node: Old Varargs1285467
Node: Null Pointer Constant1287137
Node: Important Data Types1288222
Node: Data Type Measurements1290788
Node: Width of Type1291645
Node: Range of Type1292551
Node: Floating Type Macros1295815
Node: Floating Point Concepts1297075
Node: Floating Point Parameters1300810
Node: IEEE Floating Point1307744
Node: Structure Measurement1309497
Node: Library Summary1310192
Node: Maintenance1416272
Node: Installation1417017
Node: Tools for Installation1423863
Node: Supported Configurations1424951
Node: Reporting Bugs1426462
Node: Source Layout1428839
Node: Porting1432795
Node: Hierarchy Conventions1440583
Node: Porting to Unix1445503
Node: Contributors1447348
Node: Copying1458646
Node: Concept Index1485510
Node: Type Index1535578
Node: Function Index1540368
Node: Variable Index1572815
Node: File Index1604293

End Tag Table
