# Qalculate! GTK UI

<a href="https://github.com/Qalculate/qalculate-gtk/raw/master/data/qalculate-gtk-appdata-1.png"><img src="https://github.com/Qalculate/qalculate-gtk/raw/master/data/qalculate-gtk-appdata-1.png" width="510"></a>

Qalculate! is a multi-purpose cross-platform desktop calculator. It is simple to use but provides power and versatility normally reserved for complicated math packages, as well as useful tools for everyday needs (such as currency conversion and percent calculation). Features include a large library of customizable functions, unit calculations and conversion, symbolic calculations (including integrals and equations), arbitrary precision, uncertainty propagation, interval arithmetic, plotting, and a user-friendly interface (GTK, Qt, and CLI).

> [!TIP]
> Visit the website at https://qalculate.github.io/ to see additional screenshots, read the manual, and download the latest version.

## Requirements
* GTK (≥ 3.10)
* libqalculate (≥ 5.6.0)

## Installation
Instructions and download links for installers, binaries packages, and the source code of released versions of Qalculate! are available at https://qalculate.github.io/downloads.html.

In a terminal window in the top source code directory run
* `./autogen.sh` *(not required if using a release source tarball, only if using the git version)*
* `./configure`
* `make`
* `make install` *(as root, e.g. `sudo make install`)*

If libqalculate has been installed in the default /usr/local path you it might be necessary to specify the pkgconfig path when running configure:
`PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig ./configure`

The resulting executable is named `qalculate-gtk`.

## Features
*Features specific to qalculate-gtk:*

#### Graphical user interface
* Flexible expression entry with customizable completion, function hints, and continuous display of parsed expression
* Optional calculate-as-you-type mode
* History list which allows use of mathematical operations on previous expressions and results, and has support for comments, bookmarks, and search
* Customizable keypad with access to most features
* Extensive menus with access to all functions, units, and variables, as well as most settings
* Everything but the expression entry can be hidden to minimize footprint and distractions
* Customizable meta modes for quickly switching between different settings
* Dialogs for management of and easy access to functions, variables and units (with quick conversion)
* Dialogs for easy entry of all functions
* Create/edit functions, variables, matrices/vectors, units, and data sets
* Tools for quick conversion between number bases, floating point conversion, calendar conversion, and percentage calculation
* Convenient interface for plots and graphs
* Configurable keyboard shortcuts

*Features from libqalculate:*

#### General
   * All basic operators — arithmetic, logical, bitwise, element-wise, (in)equalities
   * Expressions may contain any combination of numbers, constants, functions, units, variables, matrices, vectors, and time/dates
   * Fault-tolerant and flexible input parsing with verbose error/warning messages
   * Arbitrary precision with both rational and floating point numbers
   * Complex and infinite numbers
   * Propagation of uncertainty and interval arithmetic
   * Both exact and approximate output (*sqrt(32)* = *4 × sqrt(2)* ≈ *5.657*)
   * Simple and mixed fractions (*4 / 6 × 2* = *1.333…* = *4/3* = *1 + 1/3*)
   * All common number bases, as well as negative and non-integer radices, roman numerals, etc.
   * RPN mode
   * Highly customizable with a myriad of options for every aspect of the calculator

#### Symbolic calculations
   * Factorization and simplification
   * Differentiation and integration
   * Can solve most equations and inequalities
   * Customizable assumptions (e.g. *ln(2x) where x > 0* = *ln(2) + ln(x)*)

#### Functions
   * Over 400 flexible and diverse functions (trigonometry, exponents and logarithms, combinatorics, geometry, calculus, statistics, finance, time and date, etc.)
   * Easily created and edited, with support for different argument types, subfunctions, and custom conditions

#### Units
   * Over 400 diverse units and all standard decimal and binary prefixes
   * Includes all SI units, as well as imperial, CGS, and atomic units, and more…
   * Automatic and explicit conversion (e.g. *ft + yd + m* = *2.2192 m*, *5 kg × m/s^2* = *5 N*, *5 m/s to mph* = *11.18 mph*)
   * Currency conversion with daily updated exchange rates

#### Variables and constants
   * All common basic constants (π, e, φ, etc.)
   * Fundamental physical constants with 2022 CODATA values (including standard uncertainty and optional units)
   * CSV file import and export
   * Easily created and edited, including by using simple assignment expressions (e.g. *x = 2 s*)
   * Data sets with objects and associated properties (a data set with chemical elements is included)

#### Plots and graphs
   * Uses Gnuplot
   * Can plot functions or data (matrices and vectors)
   * Can be customized using several options, and saved as image files

*…and more…*

> [!TIP]
> For more details about the syntax, and available functions, units, and variables, please consult the manual (https://qalculate.github.io/manual/).

## Examples (expressions)

> [!NOTE]
> Semicolon can be replaced with comma in function arguments, if comma is not used as decimal or thousands separator.

#### Basic functions and operators

```R
sqrt 4                        # = sqrt(4) = 4^(0.5) = 4^(1/2) = 2

sqrt(25; 16; 9; 4)            # = [5  4  3  2]

sqrt(32)                      # = 4 × √(2) (in exact mode)

cbrt(-27)                     # = root(-27; 3) = −3 (real root)

(-27)^(1/3)                   # ≈ 1.5 + 2.5980762i (principal root)

ln 25                         # = log(25; e) ≈ 3.2188758

log2(4)/log10(100)            # = log(4; 2)/log(100; 10) = 1

5!                            # = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 120

5\2                           # = 5//2 = trunc(5 / 2) = 2 (integer division)

5 mod 3                       # = mod(5; 3) = 2

52 to factors                 # = 2^2 × 13

25/4 * 3/5 to fraction        # = 3 + 3/4

gcd(63; 27)                   # = 9

sin(pi/2) - cos(pi)           # = sin(90 deg) − cos(180 deg) = 2

sum(x; 1; 5)                  # = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15

sum(\i^2+sin(\i); 1; 5; \i)   # = 1^2 + sin(1) + 2^2 + sin(2) + … ≈ 55.176162

product(x; 1; 5)              # = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 120
 
var1:=5                       # stores value 5 in variable var1
var1 * 2                      # = 10

sinh(0.5) where sinh()=cosh() # = cosh(0.5) ≈ 1.1276260

plot(x^2; -5; 5)              # plots the function y=x^2 from -5 to 5
```

#### Units

> [!TIP]
> ` to ` can be replace with an arrow (`➞` or `->`).

```R
5 dm3 to l                    # = 5 dm^3 to L = 5 L

20 miles / 2 h to km/h        # = 16.09344 km/h

1.74 to ft                    # = 1.74 m to ft ≈ 5 ft + 8.5039370 in

1.74 m to -ft                 # ≈ 5.7086614 ft

100 lbf * 60 mph to hp        # ≈ 16 hp

50 Ω * 2 A                    # = 100 V

50 Ω * 2 A to base            # = 100 kg·m²/(s³·A)

10 N / 5 Pa                   # = (10 N)/(5 Pa) = 2 m²

5 m/s to s/m                  # = 0.2 s/m

€500 - 20% to £               # ≈ £347.12

500 megabit/s * 2 h to b?byte # ≈ 419.09516 gibibytes
```

#### Physical constants

```bash
k_e / G * a_0
# = (CoulombsConstant / NewtonianConstant) × BohrRadius ≈ 7.126e9 kg·H·m^−1

ℎ / (λ_C * c)
# = planck ∕ (ComptonWavelength × SpeedOfLight) ≈ 9.1093837e-31 kg

5 ns * rydberg to c
# ≈ 6.0793194E-8c

atom(Hg; weight) + atom(C; weight) * 4 to g
# ≈ 4.129e-22 g

(G * planet(earth; mass) * planet(mars; mass))/(54.6e6 km)^2
# ≈ 8.58e16 N (gravitational attraction between earth and mars)
```

#### Uncertainty and interval arithmetic

> [!NOTE]
> Results with interval arithmetic activated are shown in parenthesis.

```R
sin(5±0.2)^2/2±0.3   # ≈ 0.460±0.088 (0.46±0.12)

(2±0.02 J)/(523±5 W) # ≈ 3.824±0.053 ms (3.825±0.075 ms)

interval(-2; 5)^2    # ≈ interval(−8.2500000; 12.750000) (interval(0; 25))
```

> [!TIP]
> "±" can be replaced with "+/-".

#### Algebra

```ruby
(5x^2 + 2)/(x - 3)                            # = 5x + 15 + 47/(x − 3)

(\a + \b)(\a - \b)                            # = 'a'^2 − 'b'^2

(x + 2)(x - 3)^3                              # = x^4 − 7x^3 + 9x^2 + 27x − 54

x^4 - 7x^3 + 9x^2 + 27x - 54 to factors       # = (x + 2)(x − 3)^3

cos(x)+3y^2 where x=pi; y=2                   # = 11

gcd(25x; 5x^2)                                # = 5x

1/(x^2+2x-3) to partial fraction              # = 1/(4x − 4) − 1/(4x + 12)

x+x^2+4 = 16                                  # x = 3 or x = −4

x^2/(5 m) - hypot(x; 4 m) = 2 m where x > 0   # x ≈ 7.1340411 m

cylinder(20cm; x) = 20l                       # x = (1 / (2π)) m ≈ 16 cm

asin(sqrt(x)) = 0.2                           # x = sin(0.2)^2 ≈ 0.039469503

x^2 > 25x                                     # x > 25 or x < 0

solve(x = y+ln(y); y)                         # = lambertw(e^x)

solve2(5x=2y^2; sqrt(y)=2; x; y)              # = 32/5

multisolve([5x=2y+32, y=2z, z=2x]; [x, y, z]) # = [−32/3  −128/3  −64/3]

dsolve(diff(y; x) - 2y = 4x; 5)               # = 6e^(2x) − 2x − 1
```

#### Calculus

```ruby
diff(6x^2)                                    # = 12x

diff(sinh(x^2)/(5x) + 3xy/sqrt(x))            # = (2/5) × cosh(x^2) − sinh(x^2)/(5x^2) + (3y)/(2 × √(x))

integrate(6x^2)                               # = 2x^3 + C

integrate(6x^2; 1; 5)                         # = 248

integrate(sinh(x^2)/(5x) + 3xy/sqrt(x))       # = 2x × √(x) × y + Shi(x^2) / 10 + C

integrate(sinh(x^2)/(5x) + 3xy/sqrt(x); 1; 2) # ≈ 3.6568542y + 0.87600760

limit(ln(1 + 4x)/(3^x - 1); 0)                # = 4 / ln(3)
```

#### Matrices and vectors

```R
[1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]                      # = [1  2  3; 4  5  6] (2×3 matrix)

1…5 = (1:5) = (1:1:5)                   # = [1  2  3  4  5]

(1; 2; 3) * 2 - 2                       # = [(1 × 2 − 2), (2 × 2 − 2), (3 × 2 − 2)] = [0  2  4]

[1 2 3].[4 5 6] = dot([1 2 3]; [4 5 6]) # = 32 (dot product)

cross([1 2 3]; [4 5 6])                 # = [−3 6 −3] (cross product)

[1 2 3; 4 5 6].*[7 8 9; 10 11 12]       # = [7  16  27; 40  55  72] (hadamard product)

[1 2 3; 4 5 6] * [7 8; 9 10; 11 12]     # = [58  64; 139  154] (matrix multiplication)

[1 2; 3 4]^-1                           # = inverse([1 2; 3 4]) = [−2  1; 1.5  −0.5]
```

#### Statistics

```R
mean(5; 6; 4; 2; 3; 7)             # = 4.5

stdev(5; 6; 4; 2; 3; 7)            # ≈ 1.87

quartile([5 6 4 2 3 7]; 1)         # = percentile((5; 6; 4; 2; 3; 7); 25) ≈ 2.9166667

normdist(7; 5)                     # ≈ 0.053990967

spearman(column(load(test.csv); 1); column(load(test.csv); 2))
# ≈ −0.33737388 (depends on the data in the CSV file)
```

#### Time and date

```ruby
10:31 + 8:30 to time           # = 19:01

10h 31min + 8h 30min to time   # = 19:01

now to utc                     # = "2020-07-10T07:50:40Z"

"2020-07-10T07:50CET" to utc+8 # = "2020-07-10T14:50:00+08:00"

"2020-05-20" + 523d            # = addDays(2020-05-20; 523) = "2021-10-25"

today - 5 days                 # = "2020-07-05"

"2020-10-05" - today           # = days(today; 2020-10-05) = 87 d

timestamp(2020-05-20)          # = 1 589 925 600

stamptodate(1 589 925 600)     # = "2020-05-20T00:00:00"

"2020-05-20" to calendars
# returns date in Hebrew, Islamic, Persian, Indian, Chinese, Julian, Coptic, and Ethiopian calendars
```

#### Number bases

```R
52 to bin                               # = 0011 0100

52 to bin16                             # = 0000 0000 0011 0100

52 to oct                               # = 064

52 to hex                               # = 0x34

0x34 = hex(34)                          # = base(34; 16) = 52

523<<2&250 to bin                       # = 0010 1000

52.345 to float                         # ≈ 0100 0010 0101 0001 0110 0001 0100 1000

float(01000010010100010110000101001000) # = 1715241/32768 ≈ 52.345001

floatError(52.345)                      # ≈ 1.2207031e-6

52.34 to sexa                           # = 52°20′24″

1978 to roman                           # = MCMLXXVIII

52 to base 32                           # = 1K

sqrt(32) to base sqrt(2)                # ≈ 100000

0xD8 to unicode                         # = Ø

code(Ø) to hex                          # = 0xD8
```
