<chapter id="synchronization">
<title>Syncing your &handheld; with a PC</title>

<para>
This chapter describes the synchronization process
that &kpilot; uses, focusing on the &kpilot; daemon functionality.
You may sync your &handheld; using the <link linkend="builtin">internal
viewers</link> and / or <link linkend="conduits">conduits</link>, depending
on your personal preferences. Conduits allow external applications to interface
with the data on your &handheld;.
</para>

<para>
It is a good idea to make a <link linkend="backup">backup</link>
of your &handheld; regularly. Other than making backups, it should rarely be
necessary to do anything other than drop your &handheld; on the cradle and press
the &HotSync; button. The &kpilot; daemon icon in the system tray will flash
indicating that a sync is under way.
</para>


<screenshot>
<screeninfo>KPilot Daemon Pop-Up Menu</screeninfo>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject><imagedata fileref="daemon-menu.png" format="PNG"/></imageobject>
<textobject><phrase>KPilot daemon pop-up menu</phrase></textobject>
<caption><para>KPilot daemon pop-up menu</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>


<para>
To which type of sync &kpilot; will perform next, you can use the main
application
<link linkend="menu-file">
<menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
</menuchoice>
menu</link>,
or right click the &kpilot; daemon icon located in the system tray,
and select one of the menu items under the
<menuchoice>
<guisubmenu>Next Sync</guisubmenu>
</menuchoice>
sub menu.
<tip><para>
If you hover over the &kpilot; daemon icon, a tooltip will appear showing you
what the type of sync &kpilot; will perform next.
</para></tip>

</para>



<para>
In short, the sync types are:
</para>

<itemizedlist>

<listitem><para>
<guilabel>HotSync</guilabel>: this option offers
a nice balance between speed and data safety.
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
<guilabel>FastSync</guilabel>: only sync those
databases that have conduits.
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
<guilabel>FullSync</guilabel>: the safest option, but
takes the longest time to complete.
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
<guilabel>Backup</guilabel>: copy all the data from the &handheld; to the
<acronym>PC</acronym>.
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
<guilabel>Restore</guilabel>: copy the data from a previous backup from the PC to the
&handheld;, erasing the data previously held there.

<warning><para>
Use the restore functionality with care, as you can lose all the new
data entered on the &handheld; since the last backup.
</para></warning>

</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>


<para>
Alternatively, you can change the default syncing behavior of &kpilot; by
choosing the most suitable option in the <link linkend="page-hotsync">HotSync
configure dialog</link>.

<note><para>
To configure the conduits or the sync process, you do not need to open the main
&kpilot; application, as the
<menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Configure KPilot...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>
menu item is available on the &kpilot; daemon pop-up menu as well.
</para></note>

</para>

<sect1 id="backup">
<title>Backing up your &handheld; data</title>

<para>
On every backup, &kpilot; stores a copy of all your &handheld; data under the
<filename class="directory">$KDEHOME/share/apps/kpilot/DBBackup/User Name/</filename>
folder, allowing you to restore that copy later, if needed. The
<filename class="directory">$KDEHOME</filename> environment variable
(typically <filename class="directory">/home/Login Name/.kde/</filename>)
points to the folder that contains your configuration and data for the &kde;
applications.</para>

<para>
It is a good idea to backup your data often. To perform a backup, you can click
the
<menuchoice>
<guisubmenu>Next Sync</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Backup</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>
on the &kpilot; daemon icon pop-up menu or the
<menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Backup</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>
menu item on the main &kpilot; application menu in order
to make the next sync a backup. Then, just press the &HotSync; button.
</para>

</sect1>

<sect1 id="restore">
<title>Restoring Your &handheld; Data</title>

<para>
The restore operation consist of transferring all the data previously saved on
the <acronym>PC</acronym> to the &handheld;, effectively erasing all the new
data held by the device by returning it to a previous state.
<warning><para>
Use the restore functionality with care, as you can lose all the new
data entered on the &handheld; since the last backup.
</para></warning>
</para>

<para>
The data saved on the last backup is located on the <filename class="directory">$KDEHOME/share/apps/kpilot/DBBackup/User Name/</filename>
folder. The <filename class="directory">$KDEHOME</filename> environment variable
(typically <filename class="directory">/home/Login Name/.kde/</filename>)
points to the folder that contains your configuration and data for the &kde;
applications.</para>

<para>
The most common use for the restore functionality is to recover from a hardware
or software failure on the device.
The restore function can only be accessed from the
main &kpilot; application, and not from the &kpilot; daemon, as
restoring the data is not a common operation. In order
to restore the data at the next sync, click the
<menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Restore</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>
menu item, then press the &HotSync; button.
</para>

</sect1>


<sect1 id="sync-s">
<title>Selecting the Synchronization Type</title>

<para>
There are three ways to sync your &handheld;, <guilabel>HotSync</guilabel>,
<guilabel>FastSync</guilabel> or <guilabel>FullSync</guilabel>.
</para>

<para>
When you press the &HotSync; button on your &handheld;, &kpilot;'s will run the
default sync operation (usually a <guilabel>HotSync</guilabel>). You can select
the default sync operation in the <link linkend="page-hotsync">HotSync
configure dialog</link>. Alternatively, you can click one of the sync options on
the main &kpilot; application
<menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
</menuchoice>
menu or on the &kpilot; daemon pop-up
<menuchoice>
<guisubmenu>Next Sync</guisubmenu>
</menuchoice>
submenu.

<important><para>
Using the <link linkend="page-hotsync">HotSync configure dialog</link>
is the only way to change the default sync operation.
The main &kpilot; application
<menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
</menuchoice>
menu items or the &kpilot; daemon pop-up
<menuchoice>
<guisubmenu>Next Sync</guisubmenu>
</menuchoice>
submenu items change only the type of sync that will be performed <emphasis>next</emphasis>.
</para></important>
</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>KPilot Daemon Pop-Up Menu</screeninfo>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject><imagedata fileref="daemon-menu.png" format="PNG"/></imageobject>
<textobject><phrase>KPilot daemon pop-up menu</phrase></textobject>
<caption><para>KPilot daemon pop-up menu</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>


<itemizedlist>

<listitem><para>
<guilabel>HotSync</guilabel>: run all selected conduits, sync the databases
with a modified flag set, updating the modified records only. Performs a fast
backup, backing up only the databases that were modified. This option offers
a nice balance between speed and data safety.
<menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
</menuchoice>
menu and on the daemon pop-up menu
<menuchoice>
<guisubmenu>Next Sync</guisubmenu>
</menuchoice>
submenu.
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
<guilabel>FastSync</guilabel>: Only sync those
databases that have conduits, and perform no backup of the data
on the &PalmPilot;, reducing greatly the time required for the sync
operation. This also means that if something goes wrong with your &PalmPilot;,
you may not be able to recover the databases. This is a classic
trade-off between speed and safety. Available on the main application
<menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
</menuchoice>
menu and on the daemon pop-up menu
<menuchoice>
<guisubmenu>Next Sync</guisubmenu>
</menuchoice>
submenu. This operation only makes sense if you do not use
<link linkend="using-kpilot">&kpilot; built-in database viewer
applications</link>, but uses &kpilot; to sync your &handheld; data with
external applications, using <link linkend="conduits">conduits</link>.
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
<guilabel>FullSync</guilabel>: run all selected conduits, and sync all databases,
reading all records, and performing a full backup. It is the safest option, but
takes the longest time to complete, as it will merge all the records from the
&handheld; and your desktop. It is the &kpilot; equivalent of the Palm SlowSync.
</para>
<para>
Available on the main application
<menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
</menuchoice>
menu only.
</para></listitem>

</itemizedlist>


</sect1>

<sect1 id="conduits">
<title>Syncing your &handheld; Data Using Conduits</title>

<para>
Conduits are programs that interface your &handheld; data with
<acronym>PC</acronym> applications or sync your &handheld; data with files
that can be used by <acronym>PC</acronym> applications.
</para>

<para>
Conduits can be set up by selecting
<menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Configure KPilot...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>, or using the daemon pop up menu and clicking the
<guimenuitem>Configure KPilot...</guimenuitem>
menu item.
</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>KPilot Daemon Pop-Up Menu</screeninfo>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject><imagedata fileref="daemon-menu.png" format="PNG"/></imageobject>
<textobject><phrase>KPilot daemon pop-up menu</phrase></textobject>
<caption><para>KPilot daemon pop-up menu</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>
The <guilabel>Conduits</guilabel> tree in the configuration dialog
collects all the installed conduits available.
The conduits can be enabled and disabled
by clicking on the check box to the left of the conduit's name.
Conduits can have an extensive configuration of
their own, and may be supplied by third parties.
Most of the conduits require some initial configuration, so it is strongly
recommended to check the
<link linkend="config-conduits">section detailing the default conduits
configuration</link> before using them.
</para>


<para>
The default conduits are the following:
</para>


<variablelist>

<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>KNotes / Memos</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>
Synchronizes the Memo Pad application with &knotes;.

<important><para>
The conduit only synchronizes the Memo Pad data if &knotes; is running. If you
want to enable this functionality, please remember to start &knotes; first, or
check if it is already running (tip: look for the &knotes; icon in the system tray).
</para></important>

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Time Synchronization</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>
Sets the &handheld;'s time to that of the desktop machine.
Useful for keeping the clock of the &handheld; accurate.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Calendar (KOrganizer)</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>
Synchronizes the Datebook application with &korganizer; or with a iCalendar file of
your choice. 

</para>
<para>
There is a way to <link linkend="location-sync">sync locations</link> 
of appointments.
</para>

</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Palm DOC</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>
Automatically converts, installs and sync text files in the &PalmPilot;
DOC format, so you can read the text files with most DOC-capable
applications on the &handheld;. There are many free or open source Palm
DOC readers, and some Palm DOC editors for your handheld.</para>
<para>
Any plain text file can be easily converted. For instance, you can download and
convert the public domain books provided by the <ulink url="http://www.gutenberg.net">
Gutenberg Project</ulink> and read them in your &handheld;.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Addressbook</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>
Synchronizes the Address application with &kaddressbook; or with a vCard file of
your choice.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>System Information</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>
Writes information about your &handheld;, (such as OS version,
RAM available, and the list of databases) to a file. Useful mostly for
debugging purposes.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>ToDo's (KOrganizer)</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>
Synchronizes the Todo list application with &korganizer; or with a iCalendar file of
your choice.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>MAL (AvantGo) Conduit</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>
Synchronizes your &handheld; with the &AvantGo; server. The &AvantGo; server
offers general content (news, guides, stock quotes, &etc;) in a format that is
suitable for reading in a &handheld;. To use this conduit, you need to register, subscribe
the channels you select and install the &AvantGo; software on your &handheld;.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>


<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Mail</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>
Sends mail written on the &handheld; through &kmail;.
There is no provision for receiving mail, however.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Perl</guilabel></term>
<term><guilabel>Python</guilabel></term>
<term><guilabel>NULL</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>
These conduits are intended as a programming demonstration,
and serve no practical purpose during a &HotSync;.
They are not normally listed, but you may see them on some systems.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>The Conduit Setup Dialog</screeninfo>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject><imagedata fileref="setup-conduit.png" format="PNG"/></imageobject>
<textobject><phrase>The Conduit Setup Dialog</phrase></textobject>
<caption><para>The Conduit Setup Dialog</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>


</sect1>

<sect1 id="conflicts">
<title>Resolving Conflicts</title>

<para>
Data records can be changed both on the &handheld; and
on the <acronym>PC</acronym>. If one record has incompatible changes
in both the &handheld; and the <acronym>PC</acronym>, (such as
changing a phone number in different ways on both sides),
the conflicting change needs to be resolved so
that both the &handheld; and the <acronym>PC</acronym> are in sync again.
</para>

<para>
A pop-up dialog may appear, asking you how to resolve the
conflict, or you may have a general rule to automatically handle these
conflicts (depending on your <link linkend="page-hotsync">conflict resolution
choice</link>). Note that you can define different resolution choices
for different conduits in the <link linkend="config-conduits">conduits
configuration dialog</link>.
</para>

</sect1>
</chapter>
