# Installing the AVM FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick in Linux

NOTE: | This driver can only be used with kernel version 2.6 or higher.

## Contents

1 Prerequisites for Installing the Linux Package

2 Installing the FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick in SUSE Linux

> 2.1 Installation Advices
> 2.2 Installation
> 2.3 Establishing a Connection to WLAN Equipment (console)
> 2.4 Establishing a Connection to WLAN Equipment (openSUSE YaST) 2.5 Configuring an Ad-hoc Network (WEP-encrypted)

3 Installation Instructions for Integration in Other Linux Distributions

4 Uninstallation

5 Which AVM Devices Are Currently Supported by Linux?

6 AVM Support

7 Copyright Information

## 1 Prerequisites for Installing the Linux Package

This document describes installation in Linux.
The INTEL i386 platform is supported and kernel version 2.6.
For more information on using AVM products with Linux, see the FAQs under "Service" on the AVM web site at www.avm.de/en.

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## 2 Installing the FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick in SUSE Linux

Information on the release version:

- The Stick & Surf function is not supported.
- Under some circumstances the Conqueror will load pages very slowly. Try using a different web browser like Firefox.

### 2.1 Installation Requirements

- openSUSE 10.2 (2.6.18.2-34-default)
- i386 (32 Bit)
- a FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick
- You have to perform the installation as "root", i.e. you must have write rights in the root directory as "Superuser".
- Minimum system requirement for the FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick is a PIII 500 MHz or compatible system
- USB 2.0 or USB 1.1 port (with reduced data throughput)
- installed kernel sources and GCC of version 3.3.5 or higher
- installed wpa_supplicant (tested with version 0.4.9) for WPA/WPA2 connections

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### 2.2 Installation

Tested operating systems: | openSUSE 10.2 (Kernel 2.6.18.2-34-default and Kernel 2.6.18.8-0.3-default) Ubuntu FeistyFawn 7.04 (Kernel 2.6.20-16-generic) Gentoo InstallCD 2007.0 (Kernel 2.6.20-gentoo-r8 and 2.6.21-gentoo-r3)
Version: | 1.00.00
Build: | 07.07.05

1. System administration rights (root privileges) are necessary for the installation. You must log in to the console as "root" or "Superuser".
2. Copy the archive "fwlanusb-x.yy.yy.tar.gz" from the Linux archive to your computer (e.g. from a diskette using the "mcopy" command from a console) and start the console (command prompt).

3. Extract the archive with the command

   tar -xzvf fwlanusb-x.yy.zz.tar.gz

   Example for SUSE 10.2:

   tar -xzvf fwlanusb-1.00.00.tar.gz

   A directory called "fritz" is created.

4. Switch to the new directory "fritz" and enter the command "./install" to begin the installation.
5. Connect the FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick with your USB port now.
6. The WLAN driver is initialized automatically. The output to the /var/log/messages reads:
   usbcore: registered new driver fwlanusb
   fwlanusb: loaded

NOTE: | The FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick v.1.1 initially starts as a virtual CD-ROM drive. Switching automatically to the WLAN stick can take over one minute. If necessary, open "My Computer", go to the overview of drives, select the "FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick selfinstall" medium and choose the eject function (respectively the command eject /dev/sr0), to accelerate the process.

8. Use the "lsmod" command to check wither the module was actually loaded. The output should contain the following entry:
   -fwlanusb
9. The module can also be loaded manually from the /src directory using the "insmod fwlanusb.ko" command.

This concludes the installation of the FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick in Linux. The following section describes how to establish a connection to an access point.

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### 2.3 Establishing a Connection to WLAN Equipment (console)

For operation using WLAN in the Linux operating system, the section below explains how to search for WLAN access points and how to connect the FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick with an access point.

1. Check whether the WLAN access point (for instance, the FRITZ!Box WLAN) is connected correctly and within range. For a WPA connection, also make sure that the wpa_supplicant is installed (YaST Control Center / Install/delete software). The WPA supplicant is located in the "/usr/sbin" directory after installation.
2. Enter "iwconfig" to view a list of supported devices on the console. The outputs could look something like this:
   eth0 no wireless extensions
   wlan0 IEEE 802.11b/g ESSID:off/any
   Mode:Managed Channel:0
   Encryption key:off
   Link Quality:0 Signal level:0 Noise level:0
   Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
   Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
   In this example the FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick is the device wlan0.
3. With the "iwlist wlan0 scan" command you can now search for WLAN equipment within range. With the string "essid" standing for the network name, the output could look something like this:
   Cell 01 - Address: 00:11:22:33:44:55
   ESSID: "FRITZ!Box"

WEP Encryption

1. For WEP encryption you can use the "iwconfig essid" command to connect with one of the WLAN access points found. In this example the command would read:
   iwconfig wlan0 essid 'FRITZ!Box'
2. Use the command "iwconfig wlan0 key s: <ASCII string>" to specify the network key for the access point. In this example it is a 128-bit WEP key:
   iwconfig wlan0 key s:1234567890123
3. Please install the lightweight resolver daemon for the DHCP function (packet name: bind-chrootenv, it contains the required lwresd package).
   To receive an IP address from the FRITZ!Box, enter the following command:
   dhcpcd wlan0
4. With this, the connection is established.
   Start a web browser and enter "fritz.box" in the address field.

WPA/WPA2 Encryption

1. For WPA encryption you can use the WPA supplicant to connect with any of the WLAN access points found. A configuration file suitable for the access point must be created first.

   NOTE: | The installation package includes an example for each of the scripts, config-wpa and config-wpa2.

   Applied to the first example described above, the WPA configuration file would look like this:
   network={
   ssid=" enter here the ESSID, will be output during the initial scan"
   key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
   proto=WPA
   pairwise=TKIP
   group=TKIP
   psk="here is the confidential key"
   }
   Save the file, for instance, as "config-wpa".
   If you use WPA2 encryption, the entries in the file would change as follows:
   network={
   ssid=" enter here the ESSID, will be output during the initial scan"
   key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
   proto=WPA2
   pairwise=CCMP
   group=CCMP
   psk="here is the confidential key"
   }
   Save the file, for instance, as "config-wpa2".

   NOTE: | For a FRITZ!Box in mixed mode operation (WPA+WPA2) the "group=TKIP" entry must be added to the Config script!

2. Applied to our example, the command for connecting would read:
   wpa_supplicant -Dwext -i wlan0 -c config-wpa -dd
   or
   'wpa_supplicant - Dwext -i wlan0 -c config-wpa2 -dd'

   ATTENTION: | The files can be found only if they are located in the same directory as the example script (.../fritz), or if the exact path to the configuration file is specified.

3. Please install the lightweight resolver daemon for the DHCP function (packet name: bind-chrootenv, it contains the required lwresd package). To receive an IP address from the FRITZ!Box, enter the following command:
   dhcpcd wlan0
4. With this, the connection is established.
   Start a web browser and enter "fritz.box" in the address field.

To end the DHCP daemon and delete the entry, enter the following commands:
killall -1 dhcpcd
rm /var/run/dhcpcd-wlan0.pid
A fixed IP address, a default gateway and the name server for the FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick can also be entered manually:
ifconfig wlan0 <desired IP address>
route add default gw <the IP address of the Box>
echo nameserver <IP address of the Box> >> /etc/resolv.conf

Comprehensive information on the iwconfig command and on iwresd is presented on the corresponding manual pages:
man iwconfig
man lwresd

For more information on hardware configuration, see the SUSE documentation, including the directories:
/usr/share/doc/packages/wpa_supplicant
/usr/share/doc/packages/suselinux-userguide_de/
/usr/share/doc/packages/suselinux-adminguide_de/

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### 2.4 Establishing a Connection to WLAN Equipment (openSUSE YaST)

1. Open the YaST Control Center.
2. Select the "Network Devices" option and click on the "Network Card" entry.
3. The "Network Setup Method" dialog opens with the "Traditional Method with ifup" option preconfigured.
4. Confirm your choice by clicking "Next".
5. The "Network Card Configuration Overview" appears.
6. Click "Add".
7. Choose "Wireless" as the "Device Type" and check the "USB" checkbox.
8. In the "Configuration Name" dialog, replace the "bus-usb" entry with the value "0" (zero, equals wlan0).
9. Click "Next" twice.
10. In the "Wireless Network Card Configuration" dialog, enter the SSID of the WLAN access point. Choose the corresponding "Authentication Method" and enter the matching WLAN "Encryption Key".
11. Click "Next" and conclude the configuration with "Finish".
12. The connection is established automatically.

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### 2.5 Configuring an Ad-hoc Network (WEP-encrypted)

The following section explains how to configure an ad-hoc network in Linux. Participants in an ad-hoc network can connect with each other as described in section 2.3. Open a console and enter the command "iwlist scan" to find out the name of the WLAN adapter. The name "wlan0" is assumed in the following instructions.

1. Enter the command "iwconfig essid" to specify the name of the WLAN ad-hoc netzwork. In this example, the name used is "ad-hoc":
   iwconfig wlan0 essid 'ad-hoc'
2. Determine the key for the ad-hoc network using the command "iwconfig wlan0 key s: <ASCII character string>".
   All participants of the ad-hoc network have to enter this key later. A 128-bit WEP key is used in this example:
   iwconfig wlan0 key s:1234567890123
3. Set the ad-hoc mode for the WLAN adapter:
   iwconfig wlan0 mode ad-hoc
4. Define the channel for the ad-hoc network. In this example, channel 1 is used:
   iwconfig wlan0 channel 1
5. Enter an IP address and, if necessary, a subnet mask for the ad-hoc network:
   iwconfig wlan0 <169.254.229.30> netmask <255.255.0.0> up

The ad-hoc network is now ready for operation.

For comprehensive information on the topic of network configuration in Linux, see

- the manual page "man ifconfig"
- the Linux network How-To at http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/NET3-4-HOWTO-5.html

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## 3 Installation Instructions for Integration in Other Linux Distributions

Thanks to the open concept of Linux, all current distribution can be used with the software. The binary-only modules contained in the drivers are kernel-independent. They do not execute any direct kernel calls. This means that they can be integrated into any Linux kernel. However, the manual installation must be adjusted individually for each distribution (kernel configuration, etc.) and according to the components installed (e.g. any additional PCMCIA modules required). All driver components required to integrate the software, including source code and these instructions are supplied in the "fritz" driver directory.

One of the possible methods for translating the sources for other distributions and kernel versions is described here:

1. After unzipping the driver archive enter the "make" command in the new "/fritz/src" directory.
   This command executes the "makefile" located there.
2. The .ko file this produces must then be copied to the /lib/modules/`uname -r `/extra folder.
   For the operating Linux kernel this takes place automatically when the "make install" command is executed.

Two components are bound together during the translation:

- the source code for system integration included in the package
- a binary, kernel-independent module in the "/fritz/lib" directory.

Please note that the kernel must be configured using the wireless extensions (version 18 or higher) (CONFIG_NET_WIRELESS=y).
For additional helpful instructions and links, see the FAQs under the "Service" area on the AVM web site at www.avm.de/en.

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## 4 Uninstallation

The FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick can be uninstalled by simply removing it from the USB port. If the module is not unloaded automatically, enter the command "rmmod fwlanusb".

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## 5 Which AVM Devices Are Currently Supported by Linux?

The following DSL/ISDN/Box and Bluetooth products are supported by Linux:

- AVM ISDN Controller FRITZ!Card Classic (compatible with the AVM ISDN-Controller A1)*
- AVM ISDN-Controller FRITZ!Card PnP*
- AVM ISDN-Controller FRITZ!Card PCI / FRITZ!Card PCI v2.x *
- AVM ISDN Controller FRITZ!Card PCMCIA (compatible with the AVM ISDN-Controller A1 PCMCIA) *
- AVM ISDN-Controller FRITZ!Card USB / FRITZ!Card USB v2.x *
- AVM DSL/ISDN-Controller FRITZ!Card DSL v2.0 *
- AVM DSL/ISDN-Controller FRITZ!Card DSL USB *
- AVM DSL-Controller FRITZ!Card DSL USB analog *
- AVM DSL-Controller FRITZ!Card DSL SL *
- AVM DSL-Controller FRITZ!Card DSL SL USB *
- AVM ISDN-Controller B1 v1.4/v2.0/v3.0 (ISA) *
- AVM ISDN-Controller B1 PCI / B1 PCI v4.0
- AVM ISDN-Controller B1 PCMCIA
- AVM ISDN-Controller C2
- AVM ISDN-Controller C4
- AVM ISDN-Controller T1 *
- AVM ISDN-Controller T1-B *
- AVM FRITZ!WLAN USB Stick
- AVM FRITZ!X USB v2.0/ v3.0 (compatible with FRITZ!X ISDN) *
- AVM BlueFRITZ! USB (in the framework of an OpenSource project - see www.bluez.org for details) *
- AVM FRITZ!Box

* "End Of Maintenance" status (EOM): AVM will not continue development of the Linux driver for this equipment.

For information about new releases, see the AVM home page and the file "hist-eng.txt" in the root directory of ftp.avm.de.

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## 6 AVM Support

This driver can only be used with kernel version 2.6 or higher.
Because there are so many different kernels and distributions, e-mail support is limited to the operating systems and kernel versions described in section 2.1. This support is limited to the actual installation. For questions about network configuration, integrated functions of the operating system Linux and applications from other manufacturers, please contact the relevant manufacturer or the support desk of the distribution used.

The AVM web site offers detailed information and updates free of charge. Visit the site at: www.avm.de/en

- The "Products" category provides detailed information about all AVM products as well as announcements of new products and product versions.

All programs and drivers available on AVM's Internet site can also be downloaded from the AVM Data Call Center (ADC).
Please try all of the information sources described above before contacting AVM support.

If these instructions and the various information sources have not helped to resolve your problem, contact AVM Support for additional technical assistance.
You may send your support requests to AVM by e-mail. Support inquiries can be sent to AVM using the e-mail form provided at the Internet address www.avm.de/en

Fill out the form and mail it to AVM Support by clicking the "Send" button.

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## 7 Copyright Information

© AVM GmbH 2007. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. www.avm.de
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For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License. In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of free software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating system. Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run that program using a modified version of the Library. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a "work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library". The former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must be combined with the library in order to run.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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NO WARRANTY
15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-----------------------------------------------------------------
© 1998-2001 des OpenSSL Project. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.
Dieses Produkt enthält Software entwickelt vom OpenSSL Project für die Nutzung im OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/).
Dieses Produkt enthält kryptografische Software von Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com).
Dieses Produkt enthält Software von Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
Bitte unbedingt die Details der zugrunde liegenden Lizenzbestimmungen unter http://www.openssl.org/ beachten.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Copyright (C) 1991-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. Created 1991. All
* rights reserved.
*
* License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it
* is identified as the "RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest
* Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this software
* or this function.
*
* License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided
* that such works are identified as "derived from the RSA Data
* Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material
* mentioning or referencing the derived work.
*
* RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either
* the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this
* software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is"
* without express or implied warranty of any kind.
*
* These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this
* documentation and/or software.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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EOF

SAS; FS; 06/2007