class MockFor
extends Object
MockFor supports (typically unit) testing of classes in isolation by allowing a strictly ordered expectation of the behavior of collaborators to be defined. A typical test scenario involves a class under test (CUT) and one or more collaborators. In such a scenario it is often desirable to just test the business logic of the CUT. One strategy for doing that is to replace the collaborator instances with simplified mock objects to help isolate out the logic in the CUT. MockFor allows such mocks to be created using meta-programming. The desired behavior of collaborators is defined as a behavior specification. The behavior is enforced and checked automatically. With MockFor, a mock's expectation is always sequence dependent and its use automatically ends with a verify(). Typical usage is as follows:
import groovy.mock.interceptor.MockFor
class Person {
String first, last
}
class Family {
Person father, mother
def nameOfMother() { "$mother.first $mother.last" }
}
def mock = new MockFor(Person)
mock.demand.getFirst{ 'dummy' }
mock.demand.getLast{ 'name' }
mock.use {
def mary = new Person(first:'Mary', last:'Smith')
def f = new Family(mother:mary)
assert f.nameOfMother() == 'dummy name'
}
Here, Family is our class under test and Person is the collaborator.
We are using normal Groovy property semantics here; hence the statement
mother.last causes a call to mother.getLast() to occur.
The following features are supported:
proxyDelegateInstance())
proxyInstance() and proxyDelegateInstance()
ignore specification on the mock instead of a demand specification
| Type | Name and description |
|---|---|
Class |
clazzCollaborator class being mocked. |
Demand |
demandRecorded demand specification for the mocked collaborator. |
Object |
expectSequence-sensitive expectation enforcing the recorded demands. |
Ignore |
ignoreHelper supporting the ignore.methodName(...) shorthand. |
Map |
instanceExpectationsPer-instance expectations created for proxy-style usage. |
MockProxyMetaClass |
proxyProxy meta class used to intercept collaborator interactions. |
| Type Params | Return Type | Name and description |
|---|---|---|
|
static GroovyObject |
getInstance(Class clazz, Object args)Creates a concrete instance suitable for proxy-style mocking. |
|
Object |
ignore(Object filter, Closure filterBehavior)Allows particular method calls to be ignored and not treated as part of the required behavior specification. |
|
GroovyObject |
makeProxyInstance(Object args, boolean isDelegate)Creates a proxy-backed instance and wires it to a dedicated expectation. |
|
GroovyObject |
proxyDelegateInstance(Object args)Allows a more traditional instance-style mocking paradigm. |
|
GroovyObject |
proxyInstance(Object args)Allows a more traditional instance-style mocking paradigm. |
|
void |
use(Closure closure)Identifies the Closure where the mocked collaborator behavior will be applied and verified. |
|
void |
use(GroovyObject obj, Closure closure)Applies this mock to a single Groovy object for the duration of the supplied closure. |
|
void |
verify(GroovyObject obj)If manual verification is required |
Collaborator class being mocked.
Recorded demand specification for the mocked collaborator.
Sequence-sensitive expectation enforcing the recorded demands.
Helper supporting the ignore.methodName(...) shorthand.
Per-instance expectations created for proxy-style usage.
Proxy meta class used to intercept collaborator interactions.
The optional interceptConstruction flag allows mocking of
constructor calls. These are represented in the demand specification
using the class name as this example shows:
import groovy.mock.interceptor.MockFor
class Person {
String first, last
}
def interceptConstructorCalls = true
def mock = new MockFor(Person, interceptConstructorCalls)
def dummy = new Person(first:'Tom', last:'Jones')
mock.demand.with {
Person() { dummy } // expect constructor call, return dummy
getFirst() {'John'}
getLast() {'Doe'}
}
mock.use {
def p = new Person(first:'Mary', last:'Smith')
assert p.first == 'John'
assert p.last == 'Doe'
}
Creates a concrete instance suitable for proxy-style mocking.
clazz - the collaborator class to instantiateargs - optional constructor arguments Allows particular method calls to be ignored and not treated as part of
the required behavior specification. If you don't specify a return closure
the method call will fall through to the underlying instance, i.e. half-mock style.
The filter object is invoked using the normal Groovy isCase() semantics.
Here are some examples:
import groovy.mock.interceptor.MockFor
class Person {
String first, last
def name() { "$first $last" }
def ignoreMe() { 'baz' }
def ignoreMeToo() { ignoreMe() }
def ignoreMeThree() { ignoreMe() }
}
def mock = new MockFor(Person)
mock.ignore(~'get.*')
mock.ignore('ignoreMeToo') { 'boo' }
mock.ignore(~'ignoreMe.*')
mock.demand.name{ 'John' }
mock.use {
def p = new Person(first:'Mary', last:'Smith')
assert p.first == 'Mary'
assert p.last == 'Smith'
assert p.name() == 'John'
assert p.ignoreMe() == 'baz'
assert p.ignoreMeToo() == 'boo'
assert p.ignoreMeThree() == 'baz'
}
There is also a convenience form of ignore that matches the same style as
demand. E.g. instead of mock.ignore('hasNext') you can use
mock.ignore.hasNext(). A Closure variation is also provided.
This convenience shorthand only applies to the String form of ignore
and cannot be used with methods from java.lang.Object.
Be careful using this feature while mocking some of the fundamental Java
classes like String or Pattern. As these are used within the
implementation of the ignore capability, strange behavior may be observed.
Creates a proxy-backed instance and wires it to a dedicated expectation.
args - optional constructor argumentsisDelegate - whether Java targets should be wrapped as delegate proxiesAllows a more traditional instance-style mocking paradigm. This is the recommended method to call to use the instance-style with Java classes. When mocking interfaces or abstract classes, a compatible proxy instance will be returned. When mocking Java classes, a compatible Groovy class will be generated and proxy instance returned. A MockProxyMetaClass will be instantiated for the class of the instance (i.e. may be on the generated class not the original class).
Allows a more traditional instance-style mocking paradigm. This is the recommended method to call to use the instance-style with Groovy classes. When mocking interfaces or abstract classes, a compatible proxy instance will be returned. When mocking Java classes, a compatible Groovy class will be generated and proxy instance returned. A MockProxyMetaClass will be instantiated for the original class. Typical example:
import groovy.mock.interceptor.MockFor
class Person {
String first, last
}
class Family {
Person mother, father
String nameOfMother() { fullName(mother) }
String nameOfFather() { fullName(father) }
private fullName(p) { "$p.first $p.last" }
}
def mock = new MockFor(Person)
mock.demand.with {
getFirst{ 'dummy' }
getLast{ 'name' }
}
Person john = mock.proxyInstance()
Person mary = mock.proxyInstance()
Family f = new Family(father:john, mother:mary)
assert f.nameOfFather() == 'dummy name'
assert f.nameOfMother() == 'dummy name'
[john, mary].each{ mock.verify(it) }
Normally for mocks, verify() is call automatically at the end of the "use" Closure,
but with this style, no "use" Closure is present, so verify() must be called manually.
Identifies the Closure where the mocked collaborator behavior will be applied and verified.
Applies this mock to a single Groovy object for the duration of the supplied closure.
obj - the object whose meta class should be replaced temporarilyclosure - the work to run while the mock is activeIf manual verification is required
Copyright © 2003-2026 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.